Season 2——manhattan 36（已点评）

庭草绿

Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced

选A
B： 不平行 且应该是 be produced被动
C： 应该是被动
D： that修饰boom,而and后的that应修饰A，错误平行
E： which和and which错误平行

fox0923

忽略了主语是不能作为produce的行为人的，我错选了~
不过还是想进一步了解that/which在这里面修饰是不是只是因为修饰主语的错误，譬如说“and that.../ and which..."形式算是对的吗？什么情况下可以用？

winghyy

Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/23 8:19:54)

选A，visible on many copper items简洁，
Aerugo is the green "bloom"...and is produced，and连接，平行结构

Jimmyzhang2012

and 引导的平行 选A

未划线处的by 决定了 要用 produced (by), 快速排除BCD
E选项的定语从句相比A的形容词修饰wordy，并且改变了平行的层次（后面全部是bloom的修饰成分）

lovepunch

选E吧

我感觉只有E的语法结构正确，BCD因为后面的BY 和句意理解错误很明显， A中visible 可以直接加在后面吗？

虽然E我感觉有点改变句子重心了。 等待牛人吧。

-- by 会员 aaroncheng (2011/10/23 10:40:12)

关于你的提问，我可以很确定地说，n+adj要绝对优于n.+从句（表达意思一样的前提下），不过我真的想不起来是在哪里看到的了。。og?07语法笔记？白勇？还是某个语法总结。。不记得了，啊...材料太多，到了要回看总结的时候总是找不到相关内容，我希望记忆力能再好一点点。。。

innerwarrior

Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced

竟然有一题没做。。。好吧，补了～
1分12秒，选A
这道题其实看最后的be produced by。。。就可以直接把BCD干掉了。。。哎。。。我一开始还在判断that/which的指代是否错误。。。汗！
E的第一个和第二个which指代不清。第二个which本应该指aerugo，而不是“bloom”

lovepunch

Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced

考点：1）定语从句 2）and 平行结构 3）被动（句意理解）

第一步：很可惜，通过and的并列原则我并不能排除任何选项（我不确定B中的that 从句能否和which从句并列？！求大牛解答~）

以下是我摘自白勇的关于并列的总结：
介词短语和介词短语
名词短语和名词短语
动词短语和动词短语
分词短语和分词短语
现在分词可以和过去分词并列，作定语
形容词和形容词
名词短语和what从句
副词短语和介词短语并列作状语
than从句和介词短语并列
不定式与不定式（第二个及之后的省略to）
宾语从句：v.+that...and that...
定语从句：n.+in which...and in which

但是n. + in which ....and where..不能并列
n.+where...and who不能并列

但是n.+who...and whose  可以并列
-----END------
不过，以上没有说that 从句和which 从句能否并列（个人觉着，都用上两个从句了，没错也会wordy的。。）

第二步：并列原则不好用。就看句意吧。意思是说，金属长时间暴露在大气的氧气里从而产生了铜绿(verdigris)，此处铜绿是被产生的，produce要用被动，那么主动的B,C,D均杀！（此处我们得出 ：也不是任何时候都不能用被动的，所以句意理解是王道！）

第三步：关于n+visible好还是n+that is visible好？
今天认真查了白勇，“定语从句尽可能简化，常常省略that/which+be。如：
the chemical that is irritating => the chemical irritating
所以E排除。

还有我想说一点，关于E的 the green "bloom" which is visible这样的表达在GMAT中是不对的！见OG12-10" Some writers follow the convention that which can only be used for nonconstrictive clauses, but insistence on this rule is controversial."因此，限定性定从用that，非限定性用which.（就是看有木有逗号。。）

最后还有一个对于原句的质疑： Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
疑问是：and前面有逗号，那么and后面是否少了个it?!!

扯来个prep07的类似题目：

56. (27435-!-item-!-188;#058&003186)

First discovered more than 30 years ago, Lina's sunbird, a four-and-a-half-inch animal found in the
Philippines and that resembles a hummingbird, has shimmering metallic colors on its head; a
brilliant orange patch, bordered with red tufts, in the center of its breast; and a red eye.

(A) found in the Philippines and that resembles
(B) found in the Philippines and that, resembling
(C) found in the Philippines and resembling
(D) that is found in the Philippines and it resembles
(E) that is found in the Philippines and that, resembling

考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）
1) 并列句主语相同,应该省略重复的主语

(A) animal found in…and that结构不平行
(B) and that没有平行的从句。
(C) 正确, animal found…and resembling两个分词修饰animal构成平行结构
(D) and连接的两个并列结构主语相同,后一个主语应该省略,去掉it.
(E) animal that is found…and that, resembling结构不平行，第二个that从句缺少谓语动词。

句子结构: First discovered.. Lina’s sunbird, a …animal found in… and resembling…, has…;句子

补充说明:  
正确选项C中两个分词之所以一个用-ed形式,一个用-ing形式是因为found表示了被动态:animal is
found in the Philippines, 而resembling表示的主动语态:such animal resembles a hummingbird.（与
OG10-210题用法相同，可参考OG解释）
注意以下两个句子的区别:
1. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics and now draws on the works of contemporary
Hispanic authors.
2. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now it draws on the works of
contemporary Hispanic authors.
第一个句子中and前没有逗号,因此and连接的两个并列句中第二个并列结构应该省略重复的主语. 而
第二句子中and前有逗号,因此and连接两个独立的句子,每个句子都需要自己的主谓宾,因此第二个句
子中的it不能省略.

我可能究得太细了。。见谅啊。。觉得麻烦就忽略吧。。

superbat28

回楼上~

非常正规的形式应该是：
1. SVO and VO    没有逗号，没有第二个主语
2. SVO, and SVO  有逗号，有第二个主语

但是，我们也接受SVO, and VO这样的形式，尤其是在第一套VO比较繁杂的时候，补出逗号使得句子层次更清晰，平行更明显~

fox0923

Choice E: This option is interesting for it does not have any grammar mistake. However, again we should pay close attention to the meaning of the sentence. As discussed in Choice B, in Choice E, the parallelism is "which is visible" and "which is produced", both describing "bloom". This faulty parallelism distorts the meaning of the sentence.

还是有问题，这里which不能够跳跃修饰前面的Axx吗？因为后面的is....也是解释Axx的插入语，我记得OG上面有一道题目就是由关于a technique called xxxx，which修饰前面的a technique,是不是因为没有逗号的加入所以就可以呢？


107. Originally developed for directing air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destorying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaelogy, and criminology.

superbat28

Choice E: This option is interesting for it does not have any grammar mistake. However, again we should pay close attention to the meaning of the sentence. As discussed in Choice B, in Choice E, the parallelism is "which is visible" and "which is produced", both describing "bloom". This faulty parallelism distorts the meaning of the sentence.

还是有问题，这里which不能够跳跃修饰前面的Axx吗？因为后面的is....也是解释Axx的插入语，我记得OG上面有一道题目就是由关于a technique called xxxx，which修饰前面的a technique,是不是因为没有逗号的加入所以就可以呢？


107. Originally developed for directing air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destorying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaelogy, and criminology.

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/10/28 1:39:37)

不一样的。。Q107 是【名词+后置修饰语】的形式，相当于是【核心词+修饰词】，这个时候which是可以跳跃指代的。
但是，这道manhattan是，【主谓宾】结构，中间有一个谓语就把主语和宾语隔开了。which指代可以跳跃修饰词，但是绝对不能跳跃be动词。