Season 2——manhattan 36（已点评）

superbat28

Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced

选项解析：
The original sentence is correct. It contains two clauses, which are made parallel in the original sentence.
Choice A: Correct Answer. This sentence tells us two things about Aerugo: First, it is the green “bloom” visible on many copper items; Second, Aerugo is produced via a certain process.

Choice B: produces should be is produced. Admittedly, generally we should omit an inverted sentence, but this rule is only applicable when the inverted sentence has the same meaning that the original sentence conveys. Here, Aerugo is produced by a certain process and Aerugo produces by a certain process do not have the same meaning, so we must pick up the right meaning of the sentence. (In fact, the latter sentence does not make sense at all.)
For more about the inverted sentence, you may see题目点评
Also, this choice slightly changes the meaning of the sentence. In Choice B, that is visible…, and which produces… both modifies the green “bloom”. However, in Choice A, the original sentence meant to say that Aerugo, not the green “bloom”, is produced by a certain process

Choice C: produces is wrong. The same mistake has already been discussed in Choice B.
Choice D: Basically, this option is the same as choice B. Although it changes which to that, Choice B and D have the same mistakes.
Choice E: This option is interesting for it does not have any grammar mistake. However, again we should pay close attention to the meaning of the sentence. As discussed in Choice B, in Choice E, the parallelism is "which is visible" and "which is produced", both describing "bloom". This faulty parallelism distorts the meaning of the sentence.

题目点评：
本题涉及考点：平行，句子构成
这道题并不是非常好秒杀。但是BCD确实是可以秒排的选项。对于初学者以及脑子中存有定理的童鞋们，这里需要强调的一点是：并非所有情况下主动都是优于被动的。主动优于被动的情形是指：在主动和被动都表意一样的情况下，主动是优于被动的（见OG12 Q7，为什么从句中用主动而非被动形式）。
但是，如果被动能更好地表达语句意思（见OG12 Q46，被动更好表现了句子所要求的平行），如果句子本身构成就应该是一个被动句时（如本题），我们着实应该选择被动句。

更多关于被动句语法构成的资料，可参考Manhattan Chapter7 Active and Passive Voice

对于AE的判别，则再次需要引入对语义的理解。尽管有人会说which不能引导限定性修饰从句，但是这个想法本身是存在争议的，对于E我们有更好的排除方法。

关注两个句子的层次结构：
选项A： A是一个【在哪里visible的green "bloom"】，并且A，像iron rust一样，是【通过XXX而产生的】。
选项E： A是一个【在哪里visible，且通过XXX而产生的】green "bloom"。

可见，在A选项中是在叙述关于Aerugo的两件事情：【A怎样，A又怎样】；而在E中，平行项是green “bloom”的两个限定修饰词。而且，E选项暗含一个意味，即A只能是它限定修饰的这种情况下的green bloom，而不能是【任何其他形式产生/或在别的地方可见】的green “bloom”。显然，这个语义并不是作者所想要表达的语义。

此外，原句中的like iron rust也是一个很重要的参考点。什么和iron rust一样？是Aerugo它的形成过程。而选项E的话，则使语句变成了bloom的形成过程和iron rust一样。
故而，这道题应该选A。

思路点评：
1楼 mahaofei001 及 4楼 clover033   都提到【which不能引导限定性从句，which出现的时候前头一定要有逗号】的问题
但是，我想说，这个规律是正确的，但是这个点绝对不能作为一道题是正是误的绝对标准。也就是说，不能拿which前面没有出现逗号，就判断说which的用法一定是错的。因为OG Q10也提到这个点现在很controversial。但是，也正是因为这个controversial，大多数情况下出现的which前面一定会伴随逗号。所以，我想说的是，这个规律是存在的，但绝对不能作为判断一个选项是正是误的绝对标准。

关于大家都提到的that和which的问题：
我个人还是想跟大家强调的是，既然【二者从理论上都可以做限定性修饰】（或者说既然二者在语法上都不能构成绝对错误点），那我们关心的就不再是选that还是选which了。这个时候，我们要把句意一起囊括进来考虑，就如同1楼 mahaofei001 提到的，E的问题主要是改变了句子重心，或者我们可以叫它是逻辑错误了。因为大家再通读句子会发现，这个which是就近修饰前面的名词的，而不再是AXXX那个东西了。所以，这会造成句子意思上的转变，而且这种转变往往是不合逻辑的。
此外，关于平行，还是，我个人觉得这道题不能拿平行来解释。如同OG Q137，who和whose也不一样的哇~所以，如同aeo版主曾经也跟我说过【平行不是表面平行，功能平行就叫平行】。所以，我认为that和which在这道题里是平行的。

2楼 aaroncheng 提到 visible能不能直接加在名词后
当然能啦~visible是形容词，形容词是用来修饰名词的哇~而且不一定是我们通常见到的如同an interesting story这样的结构，有的时候形容词就是后置放在名词后的~

OK~本次精华楼层~嗯嗯~
1楼 mahaofei001   和我思路好一致的说~
16楼 lovepunch   就是帖子小乱~呃~~
3楼 majestywhite   4楼 clover033   并列第三好啦~你们俩思路没什么差别。。哈哈

mahaofei001

A

首先which引导的定语从句前需要","排除E.从意思上讲的话，如果用which，那么E选项修饰的就是green bloom了。而愿意应该是去说Aerugo巴拉巴拉如何了。

再从未划线的后半句，可以看出来，Aerugo（就是氧化铜了，俗称铜绿）是因为被暴露在空气中的氧气氧化产生的。所以应该是被动关系。BCD就全错了。于是选的A。

整句话的意思说，氧化铜，通常被称为铜绿，大片出现在很多铜器上。它的产生就像铁锈一样是因为随着时间的推移，暴露在空气中的氧气的缘故。（翻译不是太好，大家将就吧）

aaroncheng

选E吧

我感觉只有E的语法结构正确，BCD因为后面的BY 和句意理解错误很明显， A中visible 可以直接加在后面吗？

虽然E我感觉有点改变句子重心了。 等待牛人吧。

majestywhite

Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced

选A。
划线部分有and，找平行。
B选项里面，that与which不对称，不好~且如果that与which平行、produce主动时态，produces这个动作发出者就是the green bloom。逻辑错误！
produce 这个动作应该描述句子主语A，表明A应该是被制造，因为produce后面有by……空气氧化金属。A不能制造空气氧化金属吧，语义不通语法也不通~
C选项，同B，produces主动态不对，应该用被动。
D选项同C，produces主动态不对，应该用被动。that与that平行，表示produce用来描述the green "bloom"，不对。
E同D。which与which平行，表示produce用来描述the green "bloom"，不对。且限定性的定语从句用that引导比较好~（这点请斑竹大人说说吧，我记得貌似是这样）

clover033

Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced
"and" 必定是要考平行。首先，E选项中which引导非限制性定语从句，前面要有逗号，E木有，排除。
其次，BD两个选项用that引导限制性定语从句，and前后平行的为is visible 和produces.这样一来，主语就从aerugo变成了green "bloom",改变了原意；同时B选项前面用that，后面变成了which，并不平行，D选项produces用得是主动形态，不符合语义，排除。
最后，C选项中，produces为主动形态，和语义不符。
故应该选择A，A选项中and前后平行的为is the green "bloom" 以及is produced，主语为aerugo；visible前面省略了（that）。
不得不说，薰衣草前辈的前三字后三字的方法非常管用啊，哇哈哈哈

UlysessHope

Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/23 8:19:54)

同意楼上同学们的分析，从平行上就可以选出A

我是先从produce上考虑的，produce一般来说应该是作及物动词后接宾语，而like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.这些都是作状语成分的。所以要用被动。排除了BCD
（但是后来我查到produce原来也可以作不及物动词？！那是不是根据produce也可不及物这一点无法排除选项了？ ）

我觉得E和A不仅仅是限定性和非限定性上有区别，而且第二个which的指代的一个小区别，Aerugo  is produced
E是 the green "bloom"  is produced   不过貌似影响不大，因为前句是主系表。

求指导~~~

ddbxyrj

A
1. 问题：which和that于限定或非限定从句的关系是否能作为主要判断依据？
2.补充观点： "like" iron rust, over the course of time by the 中，与like 结构平行使用Aerugo更好。如果是绿泡泡和 iron rust 对比就使得句子作者的逻辑违和了。

hhou

Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/23 8:19:54)

选A
平行

geniealice

Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/23 8:19:54)

A
句子主谓宾全且平行，只有AC
句意，为被动，选A

leo5702

Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/23 8:19:54)

Aerugo xxx is ……，and is produced ……by……
我觉得选a
B，which和that引导定从指代bloom，不对。which似乎也多余了。
c，与a的区别是and后面用了主动，可是从逻辑意思来看，应该是areugo被动，因为后面有个by……，从意思上也能体会一下。
d，and后用了that，我觉得有点wordy，另外就是主动错。
e，which我印象中是在非限制性定语从句用的，而且which指代bloom错了。
所以a对。