defends 出现在黑脸题中的理解方法

小困蛇

V
v.  防守, 防护, 辩护
How can you defend the killing of animals for pleasure?
你怎么能为杀死动物取乐的行为辩护呢？  作者支持杀死动物的行为


所以defend有支持援助总结论的作用

Instead of 而不是  一.instead意为“代替”“替代”，作副词用，通常位于句尾。如位于句首时常用逗号与后面阁开。作“然而”讲。
二.instead of是介宾短语，其意与instead相同，不同之处在于它后面常接宾语，且宾语多由名词、代词、短语、动词 + ing 形式充当。
We'll ask Li Mei instead of Mary.
I'll go instead of her.
三.instead 与instead of的转换。
1.He didn't answer me, instead, he asked me another
question → He asked me another question instead of answering me.
2.I'll go instead of her.→She won't go.I'll go instead

这个是半年 季度 复利计算问题
粘一点老外介绍复利问题  我标出红字部分要特别看下
GMAT Interest Rate Problems – Part 2: Compound InterestIn “GMAT Interest Rate Problems – Part 1” we looked at simple interest and the way it’s commonly tested on the GMAT. What makes it “simple” is the fact that interest is accrued over one (1) time period, generally one year. If you invest $5,000 and earn an interest rate of 5%, it’s assumed that the income earned is for one year. But what if the question tells you that the interest is compounded multiple times throughout the year? That’s called a compound interest problem. Not only is compound interest important to know because Albert Einstein called it the 9th Wonder of the World, but it’s also fair game on the GMAT, so let’s take a closer look.

Compound Interest Rate Problems

For whatever reason, students often freak out when they see things like “quarterly” or “semi-annually” on GMAT interest rate problems. Fear not! With one small bit of explanation, you’ll be good to go.

The only real difference between simple interest and compound interest problems on the GMAT is that compound interest problems assume multiple time frames. It may seem like a small distinction, but it’s actually quite important — especially from an income-earned standpoint. Let’s take a look at three variations of the initial question we looked at in Part 1:

Variation 1: If Sarah invests $5,000 at an interest rate of 5%, how much money will she have at the end of a year?

Answer: $5,000 * 1.05 = $5,250.

(Note, a quick way to find the new principle balance is to multiply the current principle times 1.05; if you just multiply it by 0.05, that will give you the amount of interest earned, but you’ll need to add that back on to the original principle of $5,000 to get the new balance; you can skip a step by multiplying by 1.05 straight away).

Variation 2: If Sarah invests $5,000 at an interest rate of 5%, compounded semi-annually, how much money will she have at the end of a year?

Answer: The word semiannually means “twice per year.” (Biannual means the same thing, but the GMAT generally prefers to use the word semiannual). In other words, the bank will pay Sarah half of her interest after 6 months, and the other half at the end of the year. What’s cool about that is that Sarah will actually be earning interest on her interest, which means that she actually earns more money than under a simple interest situation.

The important part is to understand that when you’re dealing with compound interest, you simply need to divide the interest rate by the total number of compounding periods before doing the math. In this case, semiannually means two (2) compounding periods. So, we need to divide 5% by 2, which is 2.5%. Here’s what that means for Sarah:

Step 1: In the first time period (6 months), Sarah’s principle becomes $5,000 * 1.025 = $5,125.

Step 2: In the second period (next 6 months), that new principle balance of $5,125 earns an additional 2.5% interest, or $5,125 * 1.025 = $5,253.13.

Notice that with semiannual compounding, Sarah earns $3.13 more than with simple interest — not enough to retire on, but free money is free money!

Variation 3: If Sarah invests $5,000 at an interest rate of 5%, compounded quarterly, how much money will she have at the end of a year?

Yep, you guessed it — quarterly means four (4) time periods. So, start by dividing 5% by 4 periods, which is 1.25% per quarter. Here’s how that plays out:

Step 1: In quarter 1, $5,000 * 1.0125 = $5,062.5.
Step 2: Start with $5,062.5 and compound that at 1.25%: $5,062.5 * 1.0125 = $5,125.78.
Step 3: Repeat the process for quarter 3: $5,125.78 * 1.0125 = $5,189.85.
Step 4: Finally, for quarter 4: $5,189.85 * 1.0125 = $5,254.73

There you have it. With quarterly compounding, Sarah will have earned $4.73 more than with Simple Interest.

Usually common sense and applying this step-by-step approach are enough on these types of questions, but if you’re the type of person who needs a formula, here it is:

A = P (1 + r/n)^n where

A = Amount in the account (Principle plus interest)
P = Original principle amount
r = interest rate (yearly)
n = number of times per year interest is compounded
t = number of years

In conclusion, let’s try one summary example.

Tom plans to invest x dollars in a savings account that pays interest at an annual rate of 8%, compounded quarterly. Approximately what amount is the minimum that Tom will need to invest to earn over $100 in interest within 6 months?

(A) $1,500
(B) $2,050
(C) $2,250
(D) $2,500
(E) $2,750

So, how did you do? If you tried to apply the formula I just gave you, well…I think you’ll find that Working Backwards is, once again, the fastest and easiest way to solve these types of problems. Let’s assume the answer is “C” and see if it works.

First, we need to divide 8% by 2 because the interest is compounded quarterly. So, Tom will receive 2% each quarter on his principle. Since the problem asks us to help Tom earn $100 in just 6 months, that’s only two (2) time periods. So, let’s work backwards and apply what we learned above:

Step 1: Assume Tom invests $2,250 (answer choice C)
Step 2: Calculate new principle balance after quarter 1: $2,250 * 1.02 = $2,295
Step 3: Calculate new principle balance after quarter 2: $2,295 * 1.02 = $2340.90
Step 4: Total interest earned is $2340.90 – $2250 = $90.90

That’s less than $100, so “C” is not the answer. That means we can also eliminate answer choices A and B because they must be too small as well.

Next, let’s try answer choice D.

Step 1: Assume Tom invests $2,500 (answer choice D)
Step 2: Quarter 1 Principle: $2,500 * 1.02 = $2,550
Step 3: Quarter 2 Principle: $2,550 * 1.02 = $2,601
Step 4: Total interest earned is $101

The answer is therefore D.

Great job if you got that. Hopefully now the terminology around simple interest, compound interest, semiannually, and quarterly makes sense so that you’re not rattled or confused when you seem them on test day. Practice these strategies and go out and Dominate the GMAT!

由美国电影学院AFI总结
[榜单]
100 kathleen turner - body heat ( '81 )凯瑟琳?特纳
99 Susan Dey - First Love ( '77 ) 苏珊?戴伊
98 Helen Hunt - The Waterdance ( '92 ) 海伦?亨特
97 Mariel Hemingway - Personal Best ( '82 ) 玛利尔?海明威
96 Diane Lane - Lady Beware ( '87 ) 戴安?琳恩
95 Anne Heche - Wild Side ( '95 ) 安妮?海切
94 Sylvia Kristel - Emmanuelle ( '74 ) 席尔维亚、克里丝坦
93 Gretchen Mol - Forever Mine ( '99 ) 格雷琴?莫尔
92 Rachel Miner - Bully ( '01 ) 芮奇儿?米纳
91 Nastassja Kinski - Cat People ( '82 ) 娜塔莎?金斯基
90 Melanie Griffith - Something Wild ( '86 ) 梅兰尼?格里菲斯
89 Beverly D'angelo - Vacation ( '83 ) 比佛莉?德安姬罗
88 Jennifer Tilly - Blue Iguana ( '00 ) 珍妮佛?提莉
87 Valerie Perrine - Steambath ( '72 ) 瓦莱莉?佩莱恩
86 Kathleen Beller - The Betsy ( '78 ) 凯瑟林?贝儿
85 Betsy Russell - Private School ( '83 ) 贝茜?拉塞尔
84 Gina Gershon - Showgirls ( '95 ) 吉娜?吉舍恩
83 Alex Kingston - Essex Boys ( '00 ) 爱丽丝?金士顿
82 Laura Linney - Maze ( '00 ) 劳拉?琳妮
81 Pam Anderson - Barb Wire ( '95 ) 帕米拉?安德森
80 Adrienne Barbeau - Swamp Thing ( '82 ) 阿德里安娜?巴比欧
79 Ursula Andress - The Sensuous Nurse ( '75 ) 乌苏拉?安德丝
78 Catherine Bell - Death Becomes Her ( '92 ) 凯瑟琳?贝尔
77 Annette Bening - The Grifters ( '90 )安妮特-贝宁
76 Jacqueline Bisset - Secrets ( '71 ) 杰奎琳?比塞特
75 Linda Blair - Chained Heat ( '83 )琳达?布莱尔
74 Bo Derek - 10 ( '79 ) 波?德瑞克
73 Madeleine Stowe - China Moon ( '91 ) 玛德琳
72 Lea Thompson - All the Right Moves ( '83 )利?汤普森
71 Elizabeth Hurley - Aria ( '87 ) 伊莉莎白?赫莉
70 Rebecca De Mornay - Risky Business ( '83 ) 瑞贝卡?德?莫妮
69 Jaime Pressly - Poison Ivy 3 ( '97 ) 杰米?普莱斯利
68 Susan Sarandon - The Hunger ( '83 ) 苏珊?萨兰登
67 Hudson Leick - Denial ( '98 ) 罕得森、雷克
66 Rene Russo - The Thomas Crown Affair ( '99 ) 蕾妮?罗素
65 Suzanna Hamilton - 1984 ( '84 ) 苏珊娜?汉密尔顿
64 Lynn Whitfield - The Josephine Baker Story ( '91 )琳恩?维特菲尔德
63 Hedy Lamarr - Ecstasy ( '32 ) 海迪?拉玛
62 Rosanna Arquette - The Wrong Man ( '93 )罗姗娜?阿奎特
61 Suzanne Somers - Magnum Force ( '73 )
60 Catherine Bach - Nicole ( '73 ) 凯瑟林?贝弛
59 Julie Andrews - S.O.B. ( '81 ) 朱莉-安德鲁斯
58 Fionnula Flanagan - James Joyce's Women ( '83 ) 菲奥纳拉?弗拉纳根
57 Penelope Cruz - Open Your Eyes ( '97 ) 佩内洛普?克鲁兹
56 Toni Collette - 8 1/2 Women ( '99 ) 托妮?科莱特
55 Jamie Lee Curtis - Trading Places ( '83 )杰米?李?柯蒂斯
54 Connie Stevens - The Sex Symbol ( '74 ) 康尼?史蒂文斯
53 Heather Graham - Boogie Nights ( '97 ) 海瑟?格拉汉姆
52 Lana Wood - Demon Rage ( '81 ) 拉娜?伍德
51 Natasha Henstridge - Species ( '95 ) 娜塔莎?亨斯屈奇
50 Jane March - Color of Night ( '94 ) 珍?玛琪
49 Madonna - Body of Evidence ( '93 ) 麦当娜
48 Kim Basinger - The Getaway ( '94 )金?贝辛格
47 Brigitte Bardot - Ms. Don Juan ( '73 ) 碧姬?芭铎
46 Drew Barrymore - Doppelganger: The Evil Within ( '93 )德鲁?巴里摩尔
45 Reese Witherspoon - Twilight ( '98 ) 瑞瑟?威瑟斯彭
44 Cybill Shepherd - Last Picture Show ( '71 )斯碧尔?谢波德
43 Katie Holmes - The Gift ( '00 )凯蒂?赫尔姆斯
42 Carre Otis - Wild Orchid ( '90 ) 卡蕾?奥蒂斯
41 Susan George - Straw Dogs ( '71 ) 苏珊?乔治
40 Maria Schneider - Last Tango in Paris ( '72 )玛利亚?施奈德
39 Laetitia Casta - La Bicyclette bleue ( '00 ) 拉蒂迪亚?科斯塔
38 Elle MacPherson - Sirens ( '94 ) 埃里?麦克弗森
37 Ann-Margret - Carnal Knowledge ( '71 )安?玛格丽特
36 Charlize Theron - The Devil's Advocate ( '97 ) 查里兹?塞隆
35 Minnie Driver - Mr. Wroe's Virgins ( '93 ) 明妮?德瑞弗
34 Stella Stevens - Slaughter ( '72 ) 斯特拉?史蒂文斯
33 Emmanuelle Beart - La Belle Noiseuse ( '92 ) 艾曼纽?贝阿
32 Andrea Thompson - A Gun, a Car, a Blonde ( '97 )安德利?汤普森
31 Lisa Bonet - Angel Heart ( '87 )丽萨?波内特
30 Lynda Carter - Bobbie Jo and the Outlaw ( '76 ) 琳达?卡特
29 Julie Christie - Don't Look Now ( '73 ) 朱莉?克里斯蒂
28 Julianne Moore - Short Cuts ( '93 ) 朱丽安?摩尔
27 Angelina Jolie - Gia ( '98 ) 安吉丽娜?朱莉
26 Kate Winslet - Jude ( '96 ) 凯特?温丝莱特
25 Elizabeth Berkley - Showgirls ( '95 ) 伊丽莎白?伯克利
24 Daryl Hannah - At Play in the Fields of the Lord ( '91 ) 达丽尔?汉纳
23 Mathilda May - Lifeforce ( '85 ) 玛蒂尔达?梅
22 Sherilyn Fenn - Two Moon Junction ( '88 ) 雪琳?芬
21 Demi Moore - Striptease ( '96 ) 戴米?摩尔
20 Susan Blakely - Capone ( '75 ) 苏珊?布莱克利
19 Nicole Kidman - Eyes Wide Shut ( '99 ) 妮可?基德曼
18 Shannon Elizabeth - American Pie ( '99 ) 莎侬?伊莉莎白
17 Michelle Johnson - Blame it on Rio ( '84 ) 米切尔?约翰逊
16 Nicole Eggert - Blown Away ( '92 ) 尼科尔?艾格特
15 Ashley Judd - Norma Jean and Marilyn ( '96 ) 阿什莉?朱迪 14 Halle
14 Halle Berry - Monster's Ball ( '01 ) 哈莉?贝瑞
13 Angie Dickinson - Big Bad Mama ( '74 )安吉?迪金森
12 Dana Delany - Exit to Eden ( '94 ) 达纳?德拉尼
11 Pam Grier - Coffy ( '73 ) 帕、格瑞儿
10 Meredith Baxter - My Breast ( '94 )美蕊丝、巴克丝特
9 Jayne Mansfield - Promises! Promises! ( '63 )杰妮?麦丝菲尔德
8 Alyssa Milano - Embrace of the Vampire ( '94 ) 艾莉莎?米兰诺
7 Sophie Marceau - Beyond the Clouds ( '95 ) 苏菲?玛索
6 Kelly Preston - Mischief ( '85 ) 凯莉?普雷斯顿
5 Denise Richards - Wild Things ( '98 ) 丹妮斯?理查兹
4 Jennifer Connelly - The Hot Spot ( '90 ) 珍妮弗?康纳利
3 Sharon Stone - Basic Instinct ( '92 ) 莎朗?斯通
2 Mimi Rogers - Full Body Massage ( '95 ) 咪咪?罗杰斯
1 Phoebe Cates - Fast Times at Ridgemont High ( '82 ) 菲比?凯茨