求助：OG12 SC #5_关于过去分词有逗号在句尾的修饰问题

yakev6

摘自eGMAT的解释
Diabetes ranks as the nation’s third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.

In this sentence, it will not make sense for verb-ed modifier to modify the preceding noun “death”. Death cannot be surpassed by anything. Hence, the verb-ed modifier is modifying noun phrase “the nation’s third leading cause of death”. Now the reference makes sense and the modifier establishes the fact this particular cause of death is “surpassed only by heart disease and cancer”.
Notice that “diabetes” is the “the nation’s third leading cause of death”. The verb “ranks” stands as “is” meaning “diabetes” = “the nation’s third leading cause of death”. Hence it is logical for the verb-ed modifier to modify “diabetes” also because it is the “the nation’s third leading cause of death”. Structurally, the verb-ed modifier is modifying the preceding noun phrase “the nation’s third leading cause of death”.

abjure

这里引用Ron（一个国外的instructor）对OG SC-56题的解释说法
OG12-56
Many of the earliest known images of Hindu deities in India date from the time of the Kushan Empire, fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or Gandharan grey schist.
A Empire, fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or
B Empire, fashioned from either the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from
C Empire, either fashioned from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or
D Empire and either fashioned from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from
E Empire and were fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from (E)


这里撇开either……or……的并列结构不谈，仅谈fashioned的修饰问题，不同的人有不同的看法：
prep语法笔记上说 -ed在逗号后，原则上修饰逗号前面的名词，至于是一个名词还是名词词组（例如C1 of C2）版主aeoluseros说看语义定


这里摘录Ron对这道题的看法：（推荐！）
“ved” modifier could refer either to the subject or to the noun before; you'll have to use context to figure it out.


e.g.
Joe turned to face the audience, flushed with fear --> correct sentence; modifier modifies "Joe"
Joe will fight his next bout against Malik, renowned for his fierce left jab --> correct sentence; in this kind of (somewhat ambiguous) construction, the usual convention is that "renowned" modifies "Malik", not "Joe".


i don't think you really have to worry about these kinds of modifiers very much; experience shows that they are hardly tested at all on the real test.



HOWEVER
in the problem at hand, all of this is a non-issue; this modifier is altogether wrong, because there shouldn't be a modifier here.
it's not good enough for a comma + -ed or comma + -ing modifier just to describe the subject -- it must actually modify, or relate to, the content of the preceding clause.
e.g.
Joe spoke to the audience, blushing with nervousness --> this sentence makes sense
Joe spoke to the audience, standing 5'11" tall --> although this sentence is grammatically correct, it's total nonsense, because Joe's height has nothing to do with his speaking ability.
(this is also the reason why choice (a) of OG12 #26 is wrong -- it's not grammatically wrong, but it contains a modifier that's "modifying" something completely unrelated to it.)


the fact that the images "date from xxxx" and "were fashioned from xxxx" are two completely unrelated facts, so they should be placed in separate constructions (with "and"). it's inappropriate to use a modifier.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


个人觉得Ron的看法更可取，与V-ing做伴随状语表示前句对后句产生的影响相似，-ed也要考虑这层意思，不能说任意情况都使用-ed
回到这一题来说，surpassed by……修饰的是diabetes，并且不仅仅如此，正是“diabetes位列第三大致死原因”使得surpassed分句产生了意义，因为单单说diabetes被heart disease and cancer超越是没有意义的。
这个解释是否适用于OG上所有的题还有待考证，但是我觉得Ron的回答非常好，可以参考，有待NN参与讨论。

-- by 会员 ash28 (2012/8/16 9:53:34)

这个解释，我觉得可以接受，
但是我觉得comma+ved老美习惯考你就近修饰前面的名词，因为ved不可以修饰clasue
假如ved 要仅仅修饰主语的话，直接把它放到句首做open modifer岂不是更好。

comma+ving习惯考你指代主语，且修饰从句
同理，假如是ving 仅仅修饰主语的话，也是放在句首做open modifer好了。

逻辑层面 当然ved/ving modifer当然要和修饰对象有关系了和make sense。

Effyue

meiyw

ash28 发表于 2012-8-16 09:53
这里引用Ron（一个国外的instructor）对OG SC-56题的解释说法OG12-56Many of the earliest known images of ...

学习了，很有启发作用。

stephysit

yakev6 发表于 2012-12-1 02:55
摘自eGMAT的解释Diabetes ranks as the nation’s third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart ...

make sense

Ginny呀

ash28 发表于 2012-8-16 09:53
这里引用Ron（一个国外的instructor）对OG SC-56题的解释说法OG12-56Many of the earliest known images of ...

Mark一下！               

immvp000

我是勤劳的搬运工。我觉得GMATCLUB里的这个讲解非常全面详细：
https://gmatclub.com/forum/verb-ed-modifiers-vs-verb-ing-modifiers-125611.html

先总结一下：
comma V+ing: adverbial modifier, 修饰前面的整个clause
V+ing: noun modifier, 修饰就近的名词
V+ed: 无论前面有没有comma, 都修饰就近的名词

回过来看这道题，逗号前面从句的宾语不是death，是the nation's third leading cause of death，也就是diabetes，那就没有问题了

小可爱啊

Mark一下！               

冲鸭冲鸭歆歆子

感谢分享！               

冲鸭冲鸭歆歆子

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