同位语和非限定性定语从句能跳跃插入语修饰吗？

nonentity

132. A recent reviewof pay scales indicates that, on average, CEO's now earn 419 times the pay ofblue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio in1980.
像这个句子没有跳跃修饰，可是我忘了能否跳过中间插入语修饰……
还有which引导的非限定性定语从句能跳跃插入语修饰吗？
欢迎探讨！！求高人指点！！！！

nonentity

还有一个过去分词短语。。
太纠结了。。

aeoluseros

1.which可以跳，但是情况非常少。
From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.
这个which跳过了", with small ribs and rails of cedar, "修饰了canoe。
2. 同位语可以跳，下面句子each指代a different variety of giant tortoise：
(1)A different variety of giant tortoise can be found on every island in the Galapagos, each with its own style of oversized dome and comically scrawny neck.
(2) In the shark’s jaws, many spare teeth lie in seemingly limitless reserve, each one ready to slide into the appropriate position whenever an active tooth is lost or worn down.
3. 过去分词也应该是可以跳的，下面的句子located修饰opening：
Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud.
======
原则是除非绝对无歧义，否则不能被插入语隔开.
因为这些成分都是有可能修饰插入语里面的词的。

aeoluseros

继续，限定性定从跳过插入语：
Our system of Presidential elections favors states, such as Delaware, that by population are over-represented in the Electoral College. (There is nowhere else logical to put the phrase "such as Delaware".)

lovepunch

顶~~~

一直想找关于修饰语跳跃的总结，没有看到完整的~这个还不错，好好研究研究！我的总结是：通常来说，修饰语要尽量贴近修饰对象，所谓修饰语跳跃，是特殊情况，即考点为其他语法点时，修饰语跳跃并不算错。但若考点为修饰语或定语从句时，还是以就近原则和单一原则为准。
总结下来，可以修饰语跳跃的有：which、同位语结构、ing分词、with、without，其他还有什么还请大家帮忙补出~
GMAT中一般跳跃介词短语的居多。

有不对的地方请指正~~谢谢啦~~

aeoluseros

嗯，我一直想有一个更加细致的总结，可惜太难了。
或者有谁能提供理论依据就更赞了！

夜色微蓝

版主，请问一下，

"Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud."

located为什么是修饰opening呢？…………有点不明白……

angel9506

版主，请问一下，

"Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud."

located为什么是修饰opening呢？…………有点不明白……

-- by 会员 夜色微蓝 (2011/4/17 17:59:59)

located 修饰 pore, 补充说明吧?

Sunnyxu0819

版主，请问一下，

"Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud."

located为什么是修饰opening呢？…………有点不明白……

-- by 会员 夜色微蓝 (2011/4/17 17:59:59)

这真是一个很奇怪的句子，taste buds are ...structures (这句是一个完整的主系表结构），each of which has.....(引导一个定语从句修饰structures), called the taste pore（是跳跃修饰 fingerlike projections）, located at.....（继续修饰taste pore）
但是很不理解，为什么修饰部分可以连用。因为多数gmat题目的修饰部分都是分开的。求解答啊~

zhongshanlh

关于版主举得第二个例子，说同位语可以跳跃的，这里的两个例句中，其实不应该视为同位语，而是独立主格，作为前面整个句子在状语存在。所以既然不是noun modifier，就不需要严格的紧邻所修饰的名词。
而如果真正的同位语的话，因为是作为noun modifier的，所以同位语是不能发生跳跃的，就是修饰紧邻的名词。
关于版主举得第三个例子
Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud.
located修饰哦哦opening，我记得manhattan有讲因为licated与called是并列的成分都是修饰opening的，因为called与opening紧邻了，所以located与opening相隔也是可以允许的。

1.which可以跳，但是情况非常少。
From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.
这个which跳过了", with small ribs and rails of cedar, "修饰了canoe。
2. 同位语可以跳，下面句子each指代a different variety of giant tortoise：
(1)A different variety of giant tortoise can be found on every island in the Galapagos, each with its own style of oversized dome and comically scrawny neck.
(2) In the shark’s jaws, many spare teeth lie in seemingly limitless reserve, each one ready to slide into the appropriate position whenever an active tooth is lost or worn down.
3. 过去分词也应该是可以跳的，下面的句子located修饰opening：
Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud.
======
原则是除非绝对无歧义，否则不能被插入语隔开.
因为这些成分都是有可能修饰插入语里面的词的。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/11 0:35:38)