AWA 5.0 = 6hrs

Amcgre

这是我从800SCORE 的书上选出的一些逻辑错误种类，和他们在写作中的英文表达的好句。 我的AWA5.0, 只复习了六个小时，这些东西很有用，希望大家作文都考好。

P.S. 这些错误类型足够考试用了，大家就用英文记，不要考试时现想中文，then翻译，太费时间了，如果你的英文不错的话，用下面的东西补补词句就可以了。

THE BIASED-SAMPLE FALLACY:

The data for the inference in this argument are drawn from a sample that is not representative of the whole electorate.

…have an equal chance of being included in the sample.

THE INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE FALLACY

Some people from NYC are not friendly, so all the peole from NYC are not friendly.

Obnoxious (something or people that is unpleasant, don’t like them)

The data for the inference in this argument are insufficient to support a conclusion about ten million.

TO THE MAN(INSTEAD OF TO THE THING)

..indicates an attack thatis made upon a person rather upon the statements that person has made.

THE FALLACY OF FAULTY ANALOGY

Because they are alike in various ways, …the fallacy is that it is likely they will share another trait as well.

…draw similarities between the things compared that are not revelant to the characteristic being inferred in the conclusion.

STRAW MAN

The person is portrayed as someone that they are not.

THE “AFTER THIS, THEREFORE, BECAUSE OF THIS” FALLACY

Something is associated with something else because of mere proximity of time. …their conclusions are causal claims that are not sufficiently substantiated by the evidence….a causal connection is posited between two events simply on the basis of one occurring before the other. Without further evidence to support it, the causal claim based on the correlation is premature..while this may have been a causal factor in the decline of the stock market, to argue that it is the cause without additional information an dauxiliary hypotheses that make a causal connection plausible is to commit the After This, fallacy.

THE EITHER-OR THINKING

The argumen above assumes that there are only two possible alternatives open to us, there is no room for a middle ground.

THE “ ALL THINGS ARE EQUAL”’ FALLACY

An unwarranted assumption for the simple reason that things rarely remain the same over extended periods of time, and things rarely remain the same from place to place….no evidence or justification is offered for this assumption.

Polls are good for telling you what people think, not whether those thoughts are correct.

IRRATIONAL APPEALS

These urge us to accept ideas at face value or on some basis other than their reasonableness.

The argument assumes that a correlation proves causality. The author concludes in this argument that

Both approaches have strengths and weaknesses.

snow_mountain

恭喜恭喜！