如何区别V-ing是作定语修饰前面的名词还是修饰前面的动词？希望大家指点~

zoeandy

    伴随动作，表与主句动词同时发生的动作
    伴随结果，表主句动作带来的结果。
此时注意其逻辑主语的判断：其所修饰分句的动作发出者。
2)    放在句子末尾时，如果前面是主谓宾结构，如果同时时态上与主句搭配不合理(如本题D,E选项)，V-ing结构作定语修饰前面名词。
PREP上这样写，但是还是有点迷茫。。。请求高人指点。。。谢谢啦~

zoeandy

236. (GWD-1-Q8)
The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods.
A.    include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is
B.    include the animal known as the killer whale, growing as big as 30 feet long and
C.    include the animal known as the killer whale, growing up to 30 feet long and being
D.    includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is  
E.    includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is
不好意思问的太概括了~就以这题为例，为什么BC中，growing 不能修饰whale呢？
谢谢大家~