GWD17-Q18 没找到该题的讨论帖，摆出来给各位讨

housechen

没找到该题的讨论帖，摆出来给各位讨论。正确答案是A。
Over the course ofthe eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result ofseveral improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal asthe fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.

A.   Over the course of the eighteenth century,the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements inblowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in thesmelting of iron ore.
B.   Over the course of the eighteenth century atripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement ofcharcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition toseveral improvements in blowing machinery.
C.   With charcoal’s being replaced by coal asthe fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowingmachinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
D.   The replacement of charcoal with coal forthe fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowingmachinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
E.    Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuelused in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowingmachinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of theeighteenth century.

egoislwlv

欢迎这个种邮件！地址在签名档有

刚刚在gmatblub 上面贴了一个英文版的解释，有兴趣的同学也可以参考一下（第十一篇回复，也就是第十二楼）

这一道题，区分A B C项的关键在于，状语‘over the 18th century'的限定对象 和 原因结果之间的逻辑关系。

GWD17-Q18 十八世纪铁制品产量
Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
A.Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
B.Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.
C.With charcoal's being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
D.The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
E.Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century.

首先看 D E两项。
D项中的 'replacement...', 'improvements...'  既不能理解为独立主格及结构，也不能理解为和 'average output' 平行，充当主语。
排除D
E项中，主句没有谓语，排除E

再看 A B C三项。

我们假设 A B C三项都没有语法问题。让我们来分析一下：它们使用了不同的句子结构，从而产生了什么样的语义差异

先看B项
B项的问题是 表意模糊：我们无法知晓 'a tripling' 发生的时间。

举例：
#1，Over the course of the last two decades, the disintegration of the Soviet Union continued effecting the international politics.
分析：苏联解体并没有持续了20年，持续了20年的是苏联解体产生的影响。
从这个例子我们可以看到，over the course of the last two decades，作为时间状语，只能限定整个主句，无法限定主语 (disintegration of the Soviet Union)

回到B 项，句子主语是 'a tripling'，但是tripling无法被时间状语 'over the course of the 18 century' 所限定，所以无法说明铁制品产量经过了 ‘整个十八世纪’， 增长到原来的三倍。
如果需要表明增长三倍经过了整个世纪，我们需要使用一个表示时间的定语来限定 'tripling' 这个主语本身。
所以 因为表意模糊，排除B项。

再看C项。
C项有两个问题。
首先，C项中的时间状语结构修饰主句，而主句就是 'output tripled'，所以C项避免了B项 ‘翻三倍’ 时间不确定的的问题。
但是C项仍存在时间状语限定的问题。
但是 'over the 18 century' 作为状语，只能限定主句，不能限定其他状语，所以状语 'with....' 中提到的 ’charcoal's being replaced' 和 ‘improvements' ，没有明确所发生的时间。会引起歧义：可能这些技术的进步不一定都发生在18世纪，只是在18世纪的时候影响了铁制品的产量。这貌似也违背了作者的本意。
（貌似B项也有这个问题，刚才忽略了，额~~）

C项另一个问题涉及到 ’with...'状语结构的内涵。
我们可以揣摩到作者的意图是说明 技术进步 导致了 铁制品产量的提高。
但是C项使用了 'with...' 结构，并没有体现两者之间的因果逻辑关系，只表现了伴随关系。

举例：

#2 I passed the exam, with the pan borrowed from my roommate.
#3 I passed the exam, by using the pan borrowed from my roommate.
#4 I passed the exam, with very little preparation

#2 里面，'pan borrowed from my roommate' 和 'pass exam' 之间没有任何因果联系，只是表达了一种伴随关系。
#3 明确地表示出：‘通过考试’ 和 ‘使用从室友那里借来的笔’ 之间含有因果关系。
#4 里面 'with...' 状语表现了一种对比：几乎没有准备，但是却通过了考试，这里面毫无因果关系。

由于是C项表义缺失， 排除C。 （关于 伴随和原因关系，我另外回复一个同学的贴 （第11篇回复，就是第12楼），是关于using和by using两者之间区别的问题，可以参考一下）

最后我们分析一下A项
A选项看上去非常的不自然，因为作者把下面三个部分组合在一起（没有使用逗号隔开）：
1. output tripled... （主句）
2. as a result of the improvements.... （状语结构，解释 ’tripling‘ 这个过程的原因）
3. and because coal replaced... （原因状语从句，因为没有使用逗号，所以用and连接）
三者之间没有逗号，所以前面的时间 状语'over the course of the 18 century可以同时限定这三个部分。

其中，A项满足了三个表意的要求：
1 A项保证了主句的谓语动词 triple 所表现的过程贯穿整个十八世纪，即，‘三倍’ 所对比的是 世纪初的铁产品产量和世纪末的铁产品产量。
2 A项保证了 improvements of blowing machine 和 coal replaced ... 也发生在18世纪中。
3 A项明确了三者间的因果逻辑关系

所以A想虽然看上去蹩脚，但是避免了C项 B项 的失误。
选择A。

存疑：
貌似A项中，时间状语限定as a result of improvement，不是那么确定（但是还是比B C 的问题要小）。大家觉得呢？？？

gkast

这题怪怪的。A是答案? 可A不平衡啊 -- as a result, because
除了DE是一定错之外，我怎么觉得C没有甚么错。。。

三零年代

A.   Over the course of the eighteenth century,the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements inblowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in thesmelting of iron ore.
B.   Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition toseveral improvements in blowing machinery.
due to不正式，一般不倾向选择。replacement和improvements按照逻辑关系是并列关系。
另外triple有名词，就不能使用动名词。
C.   With charcoal’s being replaced by coal asthe fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowingmachinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
With charcoal's being，是进行式，和tripled output是同时发生的。按照逻辑意思不对。参照OG31题b选项的解释。
D.   The replacement of charcoal with coal forthe fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowingmachinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
缺少练习，前面是一个名词结构，后面是一个句子。这种时候逻辑意思应该是同位语结构，但需要表示的是因果关系
E.    Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuelused in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowingmachinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of theeighteenth century.
being不对，句子缺少谓语动词

欢迎拍砖。

housechen

这题怪怪的。A是答案? 可A不平衡啊 -- as a result, because
除了DE是一定错之外，我怎么觉得C没有甚么错。。。

-- by 会员 gkast (2010/11/12 22:47:48)

我在A和C之间徘徊，觉得A中and前后不平衡，但C也有毛病，with离修饰的主语太长。。
所以很纠结

housechen

A.   Over the course of the eighteenth century,the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements inblowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in thesmelting of iron ore.
B.   Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition toseveral improvements in blowing machinery.
due to不正式，一般不倾向选择。replacement和improvements按照逻辑关系是并列关系。
另外triple有名词，就不能使用动名词。
C.   With charcoal’s being replaced by coal asthe fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowingmachinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
With charcoal's being，是进行式，和tripled output是同时发生的。按照逻辑意思不对。参照OG31题b选项的解释。
D.   The replacement of charcoal with coal forthe fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowingmachinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
缺少练习，前面是一个名词结构，后面是一个句子。这种时候逻辑意思应该是同位语结构，但需要表示的是因果关系
E.    Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuelused in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowingmachinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of theeighteenth century.
being不对，句子缺少谓语动词

欢迎拍砖。

-- by 会员 三零年代 (2010/11/12 23:02:52)

A中and前后不平衡吧。。虽然说不是选择正确，而是选择最好的，但是怎么衡量评判标准的先后？

三零年代

我选A,使用排除法，其他都有明显错误。

我觉得做语法题首先应该是逻辑意思合理。
C的问题不在于离得太远，而在于替换和output trippled不是同时发生的.不能用With xx being这种修饰方法。因为两者是因果关系。

A没有明显的错误。trippled (as a result of xx) and (because xxxx)至少分开读是通顺的。

housechen

我选A,使用排除法，其他都有明显错误。

我觉得做语法题首先应该是逻辑意思合理。
C的问题不在于离得太远，而在于替换和output trippled不是同时发生的.不能用With xx being这种修饰方法。因为两者是因果关系。

A没有明显的错误。trippled (as a result of xx) and (because xxxx)至少分开读是通顺的。

-- by 会员 三零年代 (2010/11/14 15:21:25)

明白。谢谢、

yuchendawn

A.   Over the course of the eighteenth century,the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements inblowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in thesmelting of iron ore.
B.   Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition toseveral improvements in blowing machinery.
due to不正式，一般不倾向选择。replacement和improvements按照逻辑关系是并列关系。
另外triple有名词，就不能使用动名词。
C.   With charcoal’s being replaced by coal asthe fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowingmachinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
With charcoal's being，是进行式，和tripled output是同时发生的。按照逻辑意思不对。参照OG31题b选项的解释。
D.   The replacement of charcoal with coal forthe fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowingmachinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
缺少练习，前面是一个名词结构，后面是一个句子。这种时候逻辑意思应该是同位语结构，但需要表示的是因果关系
E.    Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuelused in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowingmachinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of theeighteenth century.
being不对，句子缺少谓语动词

欢迎拍砖。

-- by 会员 三零年代 (2010/11/12 23:02:52)

不拍不拍，赞一个~
tx太口爱~\(≧▽≦)/~啦啦啦

jonshi522

C的问题应该是WITH，with不能用来引出原因。Prep上面看过这种说法

Atir

C的问题应该是WITH，with不能用来引出原因。Prep上面看过这种说法

-- by 会员 jonshi522 (2011/4/8 23:43:53)

顶这个