OG 12-113（指代讨论）

abjure

113. Because there are provisions of the new maritime code that provide that even tiny islets can be the basis
for claims to the fi sheries and oil fi elds of large sea areas, they have already stimulated international
disputes over uninhabited islands.
(A) Because there are provisions of the new maritime code that provide that even tiny islets
can be the basis for claims to the fi sheries and oil fi elds of large sea areas, they have already stimulated
(B) Because the new maritime code provides that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the
fi sheries and oil fields of large sea areas, it has already stimulated
(C) Even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fi elds of large sea areas under
provisions of the new maritime code, already stimulating
(D) Because even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fi sheries and oil fi elds of large sea
areas under provisions of the new maritime code, this has already stimulated
(E) Because even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fi sheries and oil fi elds of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code, which is already stimulating

Logical predication; Grammatical construction
In this sentence, the there are … that …
construction contributes nothing more than
unnecessary words. Th e sentence needs to make
clear whether provisions or code is the subject of
the main verb stimulated.
A Th e there are … that … construction is
unnecessarily wordy; in the predicate
nominative instead of the subject position,
provisions is not an obvious referent for the
pronoun they.
B Correct. In this sentence, the new maritime
code is clearly the antecedent of it in the
main clause and thus the subject of has
already stimulated.
C Under provisions of the new maritime code is a
misplaced modifi er, seeming to describe sea
areas; the sentence does not make clear what
is stimulating … disputes.
D Th e referent of this is unclear.
E Th e sentence is a fragment, opening with a
dependent clause (Because … code) and
concluding with a relative clause, but
lacking a main, independent clause.
Th e correct answer is B.

答案可以选出，
A/D 错误没有疑问
C选项。OG说不清楚什么东西在刺激（分词）争议。 这个怎么如何理解？我明白前面主句主语（even tiny islets）做sitmulating 的逻辑主语逻辑不通。
D选项，OG说this 指代不清，我想问下，因为this 后面紧跟has,是不是this只能指代单数名词？C选项前面划线部分视乎没有单数名词，所以也不知道this指代谁，所以错。  还是this指代清晰与否的时候有其他的判断标准？

jtrchina

越怕引火上身 火就越来找你~^_^

Q:C选项。OG说不清楚什么东西在刺激（分词）争议。 这个怎么如何理解？我明白前面主句主语（even tiny islets）做sitmulating 的逻辑主语逻辑不通。

Stimulating做分词本句中共可修饰如下4种成分：

1.islets 表伴随状态，逻辑主语=主句主语，逻辑不通
2.provisions 核心词跳跃修饰。因为逗号前provisions of the new maritime code的核心词是provisions，故发生跳跃修饰，亦不通
3.code 就近修饰。逻辑含义通顺
4.表结果，与主句主语无关，独立一脉，表前述句子带来的结果。感觉此用法最好。因为脱离了主句主语，也就避免了逻辑的不通

上述4种情况皆符合语法，其中3、4逻辑正确，其余有误，故有歧义

Q选项，OG说this 指代不清，我想问下，因为this 后面紧跟has,是不是this只能指代单数名词？

this、these、that、those等不能单独做为主句主语出现，其后应该接名词一起表指代。
如：
The apple has full grown,and so this can be eaten with the best taste.
Awkward as you can c.
The apple has full grown,and so this apple(=it) can be eaten with the best taste.

加州女孩

你贴题的时候是不是应该把线也带贴上啊

加州女孩

好吧 由于格式混乱 所以我看错了

加州女孩

我想C会不会是 a fragment? even 开头的话不属于主句吧？后面的半句stimulating开头，貌似这句子没有主语 没有谓语的说~

abjure

越怕引火上身 火就越来找你~^_^

Q:C选项。OG说不清楚什么东西在刺激（分词）争议。 这个怎么如何理解？我明白前面主句主语（even tiny islets）做sitmulating 的逻辑主语逻辑不通。

Stimulating做分词本句中共可修饰如下4种成分：

1.islets 表伴随状态，逻辑主语=主句主语，逻辑不通
2.provisions 核心词跳跃修饰。因为逗号前provisions of the new maritime code的核心词是provisions，故发生跳跃修饰，亦不通
3.code 就近修饰。逻辑含义通顺
4.表结果，与主句主语无关，独立一脉，表前述句子带来的结果。感觉此用法最好。因为脱离了主句主语，也就避免了逻辑的不通

上述4种情况皆符合语法，其中3、4逻辑正确，其余有误，故有歧义

Q选项，OG说this 指代不清，我想问下，因为this 后面紧跟has,是不是this只能指代单数名词？

this、these、that、those等不能单独做为主句主语出现，其后应该接名词一起表指代。
如：
The apple has full grown,and so this can be eaten with the best taste.
Awkward as you can c.
The apple has full grown,and so this apple(=it) can be eaten with the best taste.

-- by 会员 jtrchina (2010/5/24 12:25:12)

呵呵，假如这样的话，我在加点汽油先。
谢谢
，看样子我要专门研究下分词题和代词指代的题目。
问题1，感慨考到分词ing，就是开始出难题了。
问题2，这个知识点我不懂，记住先.

abjure

我想C会不会是 a fragment? even 开头的话不属于主句吧？后面的半句stimulating开头，貌似这句子没有主语 没有谓语的说~

-- by 会员 加州女孩 (2010/5/24 13:47:32)

C选项不是fragment, even 不做连词。C选项句子结构完整。

even 金山词霸解释如下。
[5i:vEn]
adj.
平的, 平滑的, 偶数的, 一致的, 平静的, 恰好的, 平均的, 连贯的
adv.
[加强语气]甚至(...也), 连...都, 即使, 恰好, 正当
vt.
使平坦, 使相等
vi.
变平, 相等
n.
偶数, 偶校验

abjure

你贴题的时候是不是应该把线也带贴上啊

-- by 会员 加州女孩 (2010/5/24 13:34:09)

呵呵，刚刚偷懒了。下次注意。

abjure

找到OG解释可以证明JTR的观点“提到 this、these、that、those等不能单独做为主句主语出现，其后应该接名词一起表指代。同时根据例题117OG解释. 我理解：these这些demonstrative pronoun 在句子的宾语的时候同样不可以单独出现否则歧义。（供大家共同学习，尤其蓝色划线部分）。
117. George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first
European writers to consider the rural poor to be
legitimate subjects for literature and portray these
with sympathy and respect in her novels.
(A) to be legitimate subjects for literature and
portray these
(B) should be legitimate subjects for literature and
portray these
(C) as being legitimate subjects for literature and
portraying them
(D) as if they were legitimate subjects for literature
and portray them
(E) legitimate subjects for literature and to portray
them
Idiom; Diction; Parallelism
When consider means think of or believe after
careful deliberation, it does not require as or any
other expression before the object. Th e most
concise phrase is to consider the rural poor legitimate
subjects for literature. Th is phrase should have a
parallel in to portray them with sympathy and
respect. While it is not essential to repeat to, the
repetition elegantly reinforces the parallelism. Th e
correct pronoun must follow portray: Sand
portrayed them. Th e pronoun them refers to the
rural poor and is the direct object. Th ese (pl. of
this) is a demonstrative pronoun, and here it is
unclear what it is pointing to as its antecedent:
Subjects is the nearest plural noun antecedent, but
these could also point to something not in the
sentence, an unknown noun. Only the objective
form of the pronoun (them) clearly points back to
its antecedent the rural poor.
A To be is unnecessary; these must be replaced
by them.
B Should be is wordy and requires that
following consider; these should be them.
C As being is awkward and unnecessary;
portraying and to consider are not parallel.
D As if they were distorts the meaning.
E Correct. In this sentence, the correct idiom
is used with the verb consider; the correct
pronoun, them, replaces the incorrect these;
to consider and to portray are parallel.
Th e correct answer is E.

ahow

this、these、that、those等不能单独做为主句主语出现，其后应该接名词一起表指代。
如：
The apple has full grown,and so this can be eaten with the best taste.
Awkward as you can c.
The apple has full grown,and so this apple(=it) can be eaten with the best taste.

-- by 会员 jtrchina (2010/5/24 12:25:12)

请问在一些教科书中如张道真的‘实用英语语法’中有this单独作为主语的例句，上面的原则应该在那种情况下才适用啊？