关于定语后置和伴随状语 【感谢解答!!】

cutewen

看PREP SC 看糊涂了。。(别人说得很清楚，我自己不明白..)

我大概说一下我的理解。如果有不对的请一定帮我指正啊!!!

我所理解的定语后置，就是分词结构的（现在分词+过去分词）..然后一般都修饰紧邻的名词
如下题。正确答案为D

From studies of the bony house of the brain, which is the cranium, located in the back of the skull, come what scientists know about dinosaur brains.

(A) From studies of the bony house of the brain, which is the cranium, located in the back of the skull, come what scientists know about dinosaur brains.

(B) The knowledge that scientists know about dinosaur brains comes from studies of the bony house of the brain, located in the back of the skull, that is, the cranium.

(C) The knowledge of dinosaur brains that scientists have come from studies of the bony house of the brain, which is located in the back of the skull and is called the cranium.

(D) What scientists know about dinosaur brains comes from studies of the cranium, the bony house of the brain located in the back of the skull.

(E) Located in the back of the skull is the cranium, the bony house of the brain, and it is from studies of this that scientists know what they know about dinosaur brains.

这里的located... 就是后置定语修饰brain  并且中间最好无逗号，免得出现修饰上的歧义。


好。接下来。分词结构状语。
上题目。正确答案选A

During the same period in which the Maya were developing a hieroglyphic system of writing, the Aztec people also developed a written language, but it was not as highly sophisticated as that of the Maya and was more pictographic in nature.

(A) but it was not as highly sophisticated as that of the Maya and was

(B) but it was not as highly sophisticated as the Maya, being

(C) but, not as highly sophisticated as the Maya's, was

(D) not as highly sophisticated as that of the Maya, however, being

(E) not as highly sophisticated as the Maya's however, it was

对于BD的错误解释中有一条就是现在分词在句尾，可作状语可作定语，容易有歧义。

我就有点犯糊涂啊。定语修饰名词，状语是修饰动词的？
不知道怎么判断啊。现在分词结构在句尾可能是伴随状语..可能是定语后置...
咋判断？或者说遇到这种题目的时候，怎么判定为错了？

PREP里还说伴随状语只能修饰主句的动词性谓语,不能修饰主句系动词。

好。我说完了..我糊涂了...

我问的很混乱..请大家理解。因为我实在没弄懂这个语法点...

PREP里这样的题目很多的。我总结来总结去自己就糊涂了。
恳请大家指教一下啊!!!谈谈自己的理解方式也好!

recoupsin

第一题是全倒结构，因为介词短语在句首。come是主句动词，what从句时主语。
不多分析，就按你说的。如果是which.... ，过去分词， 主句
这种情况可以跳过which从句，过去分词修饰which从句前面的名词。如果是修饰which从句中的就不用逗号，加逗号就是为了避免歧义。也就是说这种跳跃修饰是可以的。有很多这类的跳跃修饰。比如：He was asked to fix the kennel by his mom, which had been broken by his papa. 这种情况就是非限制性定语从句跳过介词短语修饰名词。
而第二题中你所说的伴随状语有结果状语和动作状语。
动作状语的逻辑主语为主句主语，自然是修饰主句主动词，表示伴随的条件，动作，状态等。这个伴随的动作往往和主句的动词发生在同一时间。这是主要的一点。但是也有就近修饰动词的例外。这个复杂就不说了。
而以后你看到名词，being 。。。一般是错的，这是GMAT家规。being一般情况下是多余的并且造成歧义。

cutewen

恩呢!谢谢LS~
原来非限制性定语从句是跳过前头的介词短语修饰名词。。我老把介词短语里的名词当成了....orz...
至于状语咋修饰动词...我还是没太明白.希望以后碰到的题目中能领悟吧!!!!

cutewen

The two oil companies agreed to merge their refining and marketing operations in the Midwest and the West, forming a new company for controlling nearly fifteen percent of the nation's gasoline sales.  

(A) forming a new company for controlling
(B) forming a new company that would control
(C) which would form a new company that controlled
(D) which formed a new company for controlling
(E) which formed a new company that would control

看这个题。选B  解释就说FORMING是伴随状语。OMG...我还是不明白什么是伴随状语啊...

我怎么感觉这状语也修饰了名词？？？我的思维哪里出现了问题？？？

recoupsin

伴随状语有结果和动作两种。其实不复杂，你得问题是基础知识不够。去把by和lzm的书看上10遍这些就不是问题了。

cutewen

T.T 可是我就快考了..我哪去看10遍啊... 我就不明白怎么修饰了动词..悲剧...

recoupsin

好吧，我详细说一下给你听。
1。ing做状语。
(1)在句首只做伴随动作状语，主语为主句主语，也就是说主语可以执行它的动作。
(2)在句尾也可以做伴随动作状语，主语为主句主语，也就是说主语可以执行它的动作。
但是（1）和（2）两种情况ing分词的动作和主句谓语的动做一般是同时发生的。
2.ing做伴随结果状语。只在句尾，表示前面那句话所导致的结果。不考虑逻辑主语问题。
3.一般来说现在分词前有逗号就不修饰名词了，多数情况是做状语，而没有逗号隔开并且紧跟所修饰名词的后面，或者在一些并列结构中（这个复杂点）。

cutewen

啊。你这么解释我大概明白一些了啊!再以后碰到这种题自己分析一下！！！

非常感谢呢!（我想我之前有误区。以为状语是就修饰动词？ - -）

扫盲啊..

goldwings

好吧，我详细说一下给你听。
1。ing做状语。
(1)在句首只做伴随动作状语，主语为主句主语，也就是说主语可以执行它的动作。
(2)在句尾也可以做伴随动作状语，主语为主句主语，也就是说主语可以执行它的动作。
但是（1）和（2）两种情况ing分词的动作和主句谓语的动做一般是同时发生的。
2.ing做伴随结果状语。只在句尾，表示前面那句话所导致的结果。不考虑逻辑主语问题。
3.一般来说现在分词前有逗号就不修饰名词了，多数情况是做状语，而没有逗号隔开并且紧跟所修饰名词的后面，或者在一些并列结构中（这个复杂点）。

-- by 会员 recoupsin (2010/5/16 23:18:48)

很好很好，跟我总结的基本一样，对于3 补充一点，OG or Prep 出现过一次 “，+ing”做后置定语， 是  n，including， 白勇上给的 “，+ing”做后置定语的例句也是 including， 其他情况基本都是做伴随状语或结果状语.

cutewen

好吧，我详细说一下给你听。
1。ing做状语。
(1)在句首只做伴随动作状语，主语为主句主语，也就是说主语可以执行它的动作。
(2)在句尾也可以做伴随动作状语，主语为主句主语，也就是说主语可以执行它的动作。
但是（1）和（2）两种情况ing分词的动作和主句谓语的动做一般是同时发生的。
2.ing做伴随结果状语。只在句尾，表示前面那句话所导致的结果。不考虑逻辑主语问题。
3.一般来说现在分词前有逗号就不修饰名词了，多数情况是做状语，而没有逗号隔开并且紧跟所修饰名词的后面，或者在一些并列结构中（这个复杂点）。

-- by 会员 recoupsin (2010/5/16 23:18:48)

很好很好，跟我总结的基本一样，对于3 补充一点，OG or Prep 出现过一次 “，+ing”做后置定语， 是  n，including， 白勇上给的 “，+ing”做后置定语的例句也是 including， 其他情况基本都是做伴随状语或结果状语.

-- by 会员 goldwings (2010/5/17 21:30:45)

啊。我好惭愧啊。我连BY是啥子都没见过 - - 好吧~我就把你们说的记下来 好好参悟参悟!!!