再问【分词修饰请教】关于OG12-104&126解释的疑惑。

加州女孩

【分词修饰请教】关于OG12-104&126解释的疑惑。 OG12-Q104 El Niño, the periodic abnormal warming of the sea surface off Peru, is a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine to allow the warm water that has accumulated in the western Paci?c to ?ow back to the east.

错误选项：(a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated）对于该选项的解释是说：If the participial phrase were to modify the previous clause, a comma would have to be inserted between combine and allowing.
不加逗号就不能这样表示对前面的动作或从句的修饰吗？这个关于“，doning”的修饰，题目看多了反而越发的糊涂了。还有下面这个题，如果按照下面的那个解释，加了comma，不会产生修饰歧义吗？到底是伴随produce还是修饰emotional reactions?

OG12-Q126

The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an induvidual that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses.
错误选项: (creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses)

解释： creating seems to refer back to lying; if used as a participial, creating would have to be
preceded by a comma. 蓝色部分什么意思呢？迷惑ing~~~
请教大虾，龙虾，基围虾~~~

加州女孩

还有103题，可以佐证我的疑惑，，，Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species
of the world’s social wasps, wasps that live in a highly cooperative and
organized society consisting almost entirely of  females—the queen and her sterile
female workers.这个consisitng。。。为什么不要用comma隔开就可以修饰society呢？那为什么126题里面必须隔开才可以修饰emotional reaction?

orgio

逗号＋ing乃状语，修饰到前面整个从句；noun+ing（没有逗号分隔）则相当于定语从句，ing直接修饰noun做定语

orgio

我从manhattangmat找到到解释，一目了然：
the "comma + ing" modifier should only be used when:

(A)
it MODIFIES THE ENTIRE ACTION of the preceding clause, and it APPLIES TO THE SUBJECT of that clause;

AND

(B)
one of the following is true:
(1) the "ing" action is SIMULTANEOUS with the main action;
- i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my arms wildly
(2) the "ing" action is a DIRECT CONSEQUENCE of the main action.
- i got a 100 on the most recent exam, bringing my average up to 91

加州女孩

非常感谢LS，但是貌似doing也是可以做定于向前修饰最接近的名词的吧？困惑，继续求救

jtrchina

还有103题，可以佐证我的疑惑，，，Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species
of the world’s social wasps, wasps that live in a highly cooperative and
organized society consisting almost entirely of  females—the queen and her sterile
female workers.这个consisitng。。。为什么不要用comma隔开就可以修饰society呢？那为什么126题里面必须隔开才可以修饰emotional reaction?

-- by 会员 加州女孩 (2010/5/13 22:46:26)

“为什么不要用comma隔开就可以修饰society呢？”
因为：
1.consisting的动作发出者明确且唯一：society,无歧义，因为其前方符合逻辑意思的发出者只有society这一个名词。（若修饰wasps则应加and that are consisting与that live平行）
2.ing分词修饰名词有表示客观状态，强调状态的意思：如法令法规只能用rule/order/law allowing……凸显其客观性。相对的，that + v 修饰名词有强调动作的感情色彩。题中society consisting almost entirely of  females 是统计数据，具有科学性，故用ing表客观更为恰当。

那为什么126题里面必须隔开才可以修饰emotional reaction?
不加逗号从语法上的就近修饰原则来讲修饰的是induvidual，其余详述可见http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-458856-1-1.html?SearchText=OG12%20104#last