大全53

Cathelin

53. According to the National Pasta Association, per-capita consumption of pasta in the United States, which has already been approaching 19 pounds a year, will achieve 30 pounds a year by the twenty-first century.
(A) According to the National Pasta Association, per-capita consumption of pasta in the United States, which has already been approaching 19 pounds a year, will achieve 30 pounds a year by the twenty-first century.
(B) Already approaching 19 pounds a year in the United States, the National Pasta Association predicts that per-capita consumption of pasta will reach 30 pounds a year by the twenty-first century.
(C) The National Pasta association predicts by the twenty-first century that per-capita consumption of pasta in the United States, which is already approaching 19 pounds a year, will reach 30 pounds a year.
(D) By the twenty-first century, the National Pasta Association predicts that per-capita consumption of pasta in the United States, having already approached 19 pounds a year, will reach 30 pounds a year.
(E) According to the National Pasta Association, per-capita consumption of pasta in the United States is already approaching 19 pounds a year and will reach 30 pounds a year by the twenty-first century.
白大侠在解释CD选项时说by the twenty-first century的位置决定了它必须修饰动词predicts，修饰关系不合理。可我认为by the twenty-first century只是个时间状语成分，它不存在对修饰关系合理不合理的说法啊？
对于C选项，我认为错误在于which就近指代the United States.
对于D选项，having done结构做定语修饰名词the United States错误
不知我的观点是否正确，请各位大侠指教了！

tianwan

Speed and correctness are both important.

It's not a concern about what is the error, it is a concern about where is the error. Normally we read a sentence from beginning of the sentence to the end of the sentence. The earlier we discriminate the error, the more time we save.

You are right from the point of grammatical view, but the 2 error you found are in the latter part of their sentence respectively. Bai's points are correct, if you can recognize the error Bai explained to us, you don't need to read the whole sentence.

consumption is predicted to reach 30 pound/year by the 21st century. not the association predicts by the twenty-first century. Actually, the  association may predicted before 1990. After all, we don't know when  this sentence was written.

Cathelin

感谢

tony6

最初对此题的判断标准之一是WHICH的修饰对象问题。像A，WHICH将优先修饰US，排除。

但是最近有大量这样跨越修饰的例子说明不能仅用这一标准排除。

JNLVO的大全注释给出的解释为：

A) has already been approaching时态错，意思表达有问题：过去已经达到19 pounds，并延续到现在，且会继续保持。用is already approaching好。

关于这个解释不是很清楚，NN能不能再给解释一下，谢谢。

tony6

由时态所包含的逻辑语义做选择好象是个难点，NN能不能给解释一下该题，谢谢。

jnlvo

补充个可能的解释：already这里应该是:used to say that a situation exists and it might get worse, greater, etc

此时用于一般时或一般进行时，不用在现在完成进行时。is already doing and will do意思表达就比较合理，符合习惯。

tony6

一般的语法书对现在完成时的定义往往是：已发生的、持续到现在、并对现在有影响的动作。

按照您对already的解释，是不是说is already doing 和has already been doing的区别在于是否the situation是过去已经存在还是现在存在（没有明确是不是过去已经存在）？

谢谢J大侠。

jnlvo

我的意思是already如果用于现在完成进行时have/has been doing，其表达的含义跟is already doing 中的already表达的是有所不同的：has already been approaching一般表示the situation过去已经存在直到现在但可能还会继续，is already doing 表示现在存在的状态但这种状态可能会变，is already doing 后用and 并列引出will do正好表明这种变化的趋势。所以is already doing and will do可能比has already been approaching和will do的搭配要好些，也许更符合意思的表达。

另外我觉得根据意思本应并列的成分，一部分变成了非限制性定语从句，有把主要信息变为次要信息之嫌。

tony6

感觉体会到J大侠所说的is already doing and will do的语感了。

无比感谢J斑竹

quiny

3x