og12 105

猪小王

从essential modifier vs. non-essential modifier的角度理解，这题很简单。

Nonessential modifier: if you remove it from the sentence, the core of the sentence stillmakes sense. 比如选项C, remove"which-modifier", 句子意思完整，清晰。

Essential modifier: it is necessary in order to understand the meaning of the sentence.

Beatrix Potter, M1, M2, capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world.  M1 & M2 are NONESSENTIAL MODIFIERS.

如果去掉M1, M2中的them指代什么？所以，A和B都是错误的，因为没有M1的话，句子意思受影响。

同理，去掉M1, E选项的them意思也不清楚，排除。

D的错误很明显，coordinated ...的逻辑主语应该是illustrations而不是Beatrix Potter.

只有C意思明确，即使没有"in her book illustrations“ 或没有"which she carefully coordinated with her narratives" (去掉任意一个), 句子意思都是完整的。

看下面的一道prep08题目：

ApprovedApril 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of thegovernment of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D .C .,also establishedthe Library of Congress.

A.Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for theremoval of the government of the United States to the new federal city,Washington, D .C ., also established

B. The actof Congress, which was approved April 24, 1800, making provision for theremoval of the government of the United States to the new federal city,Washington, D .C ., also established

C. The actof Congress approved April 24, 1800, which made provision for the removal ofthe government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D .C., and established

D.Approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government ofthe United States to the new federal city, Washington, D .C ., the act ofCongress also established

E. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congressmade provision for the removal of the government of the United States to thenew federal city, Washington, D .C ., also establishing

除了A中"that made provision for ...." 是essential modifier, 其它都是nonessential modifiers 或者是verb...

如果没有that made provision for ... 这个essential modifier，the act of Congress就成了Congress唯一的act了，显然逻辑上是错的，Congress每年有好多acts。

这题的正确答案就是A, 用别的方法思考会让问题变难，而用essential/nonessential modifier，答案就很明显了。

michwang

在网上看了下面这段解释
觉得非常的清晰！！


In this sentence, the big picture is Beatrix Potter capitalized on stuff. Where or how did she do this? In her illustrations, which she coordinated with her narratives. "Capitalized" and "coordinated" aren't really on the same level of meaning.


(A) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives,

A present participle like "coordinating" after a comma should modify to a complete clause before it. Here, though, there is no complete clause. There is just the subject "Beatrix Potter" followed by a modifying preposition "in her..." This usage of "coordinating" is incorrect.


(B) In her book illustrations, carefully coordinating them with her narratives, Beatrix Potter

Once again, we have two modifiers stacked in a row, both of which seem to be modifying the subject. Also, when "them" is used in an opening modifier beginning with a present participle, it should refer to the SUBJECT that comes after it, not a noun in another modifier before it.


(C) In her book illustrations, which she carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter

Correct. The modifier "in her book illustrations" refers to the subject "Beatriz Potter," and "which she coordinated..." further modifies the illustrations.


(D) Carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations

This implies that Beatrix Potter herself, not her illustrations, was coordinated with the narratives. Nonsensical.


(E) Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully coordinated them with her narratives and

We should be able to remove any nonessential prepositional phrase and still maintain the intended meaning of the sentence. Here, if we said "Beatrix Potter... carefully coordinated them..." we would have no idea what "them" is. A pronoun should not be used as an object if the antecedent is within a modifying phrase.

yoga1992

我说一下自己对本题的理解，希望大家能给予指正。

此题语义是BP在book illustration中capitalized on her keen observation and love。。。, 同时BP将book illustration和她的narratives coordinated. 选项A中感觉present participle语法上指代illustration，逻辑上指代BP。因为participle前方没有clause，所以不存在指代整个clause并且修饰主语，我认为语法上participle在此就近指代。B当中present participle出现了一样的问题。逻辑主语和实际语法主语不一致。D选项直接让人觉得是BP把自己跟narratives coordinated了。E中其实是把coordinated 和 capitalized给并列了，让人觉得这两个action同时happens in her book illustration. 实际上只有capitalized这个action is in the book illustrations; BP是同时carefully coordinated the illustrations with the narratives. 所以E的语义是不正确的。

Jinnjenny23

今天翻到Ron关于Pronoun指代问题的解释（Ron在解释OG105时，提到这个问题），想到这道题：
Question: Are there any rules that state that a pronoun cannot reach inside to refer to a "modifier/prepositional/possessive?

Ron: The one place you generally shouldn't find the noun is inside a modifier that's blocked off by commas.

When a modifier is blocked off by commas, the purpose of the commas is to indicate, essentially, that the sentence should still make sense without that modifier (just with less description).
If the noun were within such a modifier, then removing the modifier would result in nonsense. Not good.

选项A,B,E中都存在them指代由comma隔开的non-essential modifier中的noun，如果把non-essential modifer拿掉，them没有了antecedent.

前面也有前辈提到这个点，今天翻出Ron的解释，更加信服。算是提供一个快速破题点吧。

Aaronyin2

观察句意，分清主次。 这个句子 capitalized on her keen observation 才是主句，前面是修饰，（这是因为capitalized没划线，肯定是主句的verb）,所以前面的一堆肯定是修饰语， 排除E，