OG.NO.110

寂寞的自由

疑问点：choice E is particularly garbled in reversing cause and effect, saying that it is lost output and revenues rather than illiteracy that costs the United States over $20 billion a year. Choice B is wordy and awkward, and idiom requires in rather than because of to introduce a phrase identifying the constituents of the $20 billion loss.

我的疑问：不明白怎么E就颠倒因果关系了，明明写着because of illiteracy 啊！另外Choice B is wordy and awkward, and idiom requires in rather than because of to introduce a phrase identifying the constituents of the $20 billion loss. 这句话我没有明白ETS究竟想表明他怎样的语法观点，谢谢大家帮助笨笨的自由。

寂寞的自由

这个题目我现在明白C是对的，其余的感觉很别扭，考点是避免相同含义词内容出现重复两次；因果关系的错误颠倒；习惯用语的表达用in；可是结合这个OG的解释，自由总绝的还是没有彻底弄懂，特别是针对我上面说到的疑问点，谢谢大家帮助

LES

110. It has been estimated that the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy in lost industrial output and tax revenues is at least $20 billion a year.

(A) the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy in lost industrial output and tax revenues is at least $20 billion a year
(B) the annual cost of illiteracy to the United States is at least $20 billion a year because of lost industrial output and tax revenues
(C) illiteracy costs the United States at least $20 billion a year in lost industrial output and tax revenues
(D) $20 billion a year in lost industrial output and tax revenues is the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy（C）
(E) lost industrial output and tax revenues cost the United States at least $20 billion a year because of illiteracy

In choices A, B, and D, the combined use of annual and a year is redundant. Choices A, D, and E are awkward and confused because other constructions intrude within the phrase cost... of illiteracy: for greatest clarity, cost should be followed immediately by a phrase (e.g., of illiteracy ) that identifies the nature of the cost. Choice E is particularly garbled in reversing cause and effect, saying that it is lost output and revenues rather than illiteracy that costs the United States over $20 billion a year. Choice B is wordy and awkward, and idiom requires in rather than because of to introduce a phrase identifying the constituents of the $20 billion loss. Concise, logically worded, and idiomatic, choice C is best.

个人理解：
正确答案C说：文盲使美国每年在工业产量及税收收入方面损失至少200亿美圆。
E说：因为文盲，损失的工业产量和税收收入使美国每年损失至少200亿美圆。

B的because of 引起因果倒置，cost...in...在某一方面的损失、费用。

寂寞的自由

谢谢MM的解释

irenelj78

LES说的B的because of 引起因果倒置是什莫意思啊？

rt316

以下是引用irenelj78在2004-7-25 10:57:00的发言：
LES说的B的because of 引起因果倒置是什莫意思啊？

哈哈，你应该问LES才对啊。到底是‘因为(because)文盲损失的花费导致了工业产出和税收的减少’还是‘因为工业产出和税收的减少导致了文盲损失’。B将合理的因果关系颠倒了，因成了果，果变成因。

irenelj78

汗！！偶看les不再线，想早知道结果，

我怎末没看仔细呢，谢谢了

wingkim

B的because of 引起因果倒置，cost...in...在某一方面的损失、费用。

I don't think "because of" leads to the error of E,but E the whole sentence distorts the mean of A as original mean.