浅谈because和in that的区别，请NN指正

gmat928

浅谈because和in that的区别


A, because B. 和A, in that B. 这两种结构在GMAT中的区别是什么呢？


在GMAT中because和in that在句子结构上的功能相同，都可以单独引导句子，相当于连词。有人说二者的意思一样，只是in that比较正式，我对此持审慎的怀疑态度，因为二者在意思上表达的功能并不一样。


because作连词表示严格意义上的原因，其引出的内容B是前句A的原因，前句A是because内容B的结果，二者形成鲜明的因果关系，译为“因为B，所以A”或者“之所以A，是因为B”。


而in that等同于连词可以连接句子，表示事物A的独到之处（特殊功能、与众不同），在于（在…方面）B，并不是严格意义上的原因，而是对前句内容A独有特征的补充说明。可以理解为：the distinction of A is that B… 译为“A有与众不同（的特性），在于B”或者“A怎样怎样… 在B的方面”


两者在逻辑意思上是有差别的，只是中文在这“因为”这个词的使用上意思比英文宽泛，中文用一个词可以表达不同的意思，而英语中则要用不同的词来表达这层特殊含义。


试举一例：
这个女孩真漂亮，因为（because）她刚到过韩国整容。
这个女孩真漂亮，因为（in that）她微笑时脸上有两个酒窝。


在中文里，以上两句话都可以用“因为”这个词，但是以上两句话的“因为”含义并不完全一样。
第一句里：because表达强烈因果关系，我们知道这个女孩为什么漂亮，因为刚到韩国整过容。言外之意就是如果没有整容，这女孩不算漂亮。
第二句中：in that 表达特征的补充，我们并不知道这个女孩为什么漂亮（根本原因不明：有可能是天生丽质，有可能是会打扮，有可能是原来整过容），只知道她漂亮的一个特征是微笑时脸上有两个酒窝。言外之意就是即使这女孩不笑的时候也是漂亮的，她笑不笑并不能影响漂亮的事实。


在GMAT中，第一句话倾向于使用because；第二句则倾向于使用 in that。


下面是GMAT使用in that的真题，供大家体会。

1. Teratomas are unusual（独有特征） forms of cancer in that（在于） they are composed of tissues such as tooth and bone, tissues not normally found in the organ in which the tumor appears.


2. Blue-winged warblers are unlike（独有特征） most species of warbler in that（在于） it is very difficult to tell the male and female apart. (D-p108-22)


3. Although ice particles in the upper（独有特征） atmosphere benefit Earth in that（在…方面） they reflect and absorb solar radiation, acting as a global thermostat and thus keeping Earth from either burning up or freezing over, they also accelerate the destruction of the ozone layer by reacting with chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's).


4. The parachutelike membranes of Africa's scaly-tailed flying squirrels differ from（独有特征） those of the flying squirrels in the family Sciuridae in that（在于） they are attached to a cartilage rod at the elbow rather than at the wrist.


5. Deliberately imitating the technique of Louis Armstrong, D. Billie Holiday used her voice in the same way（独有特征） that other musicians use their instruments, in that（在于） she ranged freely over the beat, flatteningout the melodic contours of tunes, and, in effect, recomposed songs to suit her range, style, and artistic sensibilities. (GWD26-Q3)


以上内容为观察在GMAT考题的推测，并不代表语法准则和判断对错的绝对依据。具体运用方法是：在实战中，如果遇到in that不要盲目排除，如果句子本意中有“XXX有与众不同（的特性）…，在于他...”或者“在…方面”的含义，含in that的选项如果没有其他大毛病，优于其他选项。


还请NN指正，以免误导众G友。

edwardelric

挺好的好帖子~
gemj 在这里有一个很牛的论述

gmat928

多谢肯定

能给个gemj牛贴的链接吗？也好拜读一下

edwardelric

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-14357-1-1.html
忘打出来了~呵呵

pengmengzhu

ding~~

geminist

强帖留名，记住把in that 翻译成为"在于”就ok了

anw13

关于in that 和 for 的疑问？
OG12-59.The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the
pugnacious states of the Greek world in that a sacred
truce was proclaimed during the festival's month。

(A)world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed
during the festival's month

(D)world， for a sacred truce was proclaimed during
the month of the festival

正确答案是D. OG给的解释是： in that is a conjunction that means inasmuch as而且认为In that is stilted and overly formal.

可是我一直认为for引导原因状语从句是非常口语化的，请NN解释一下。谢谢！

venus2elva

关于in that 和 for 的疑问？
OG12-59.The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the
pugnacious states of the Greek world in that a sacred
truce was proclaimed during the festival's month。

(A)world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed
during the festival's month

(D)world， for a sacred truce was proclaimed during
the month of the festival

正确答案是D. OG给的解释是： in that is a conjunction that means inasmuch as而且认为In that is stilted and overly formal.

可是我一直认为for引导原因状语从句是非常口语化的，请NN解释一下。谢谢！

-- by 会员 anw13 (2010/3/26 13:43:33)

同问同问

gmat928

关于in that 和 for 的疑问？
OG12-59.The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the
pugnacious states of the Greek world in that a sacred
truce was proclaimed during the festival's month。

(A)world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed
during the festival's month

(D)world， for a sacred truce was proclaimed during
the month of the festival

正确答案是D. OG给的解释是： in that is a conjunction that means inasmuch as而且认为In that is stilted and overly formal.

可是我一直认为for引导原因状语从句是非常口语化的，请NN解释一下。谢谢！

-- by 会员 anw13 (2010/3/26 13:43:33)

逗号+for用在句尾，一般表示前面句子内容发生的原因，for后面的内容和前面的内容是一种因果关系。
而In that后面的内容是前面句子主语的特征，不是原因，因果关系不强烈。

本题句子分前后两部分内容，后面的内容a sacred truce was proclaimed…表示的是前面内容Olympic Games helped to keep peace的原因，最好用because或者,for

如果这个句子改写成：The Olympic Games unlike other games in that it helps to keep peace.
这里in that表示的是Olympic Games区别于other games的特征，强调的不是因果关系，要用in that

下面是几个逗号+for用在句尾表原因的例子：

As the housing affordability gap widens, middle-income families are especially hard-hit, for these families can no longer afford to buy homes, yet rising rental rates force them to use far more than the standard 25 percent of their incomes for housing, leaving them with no equity or tax write-offs to offset the expenditures.

During her lecture the speaker used map to clarify directional terms, for not everyone attending knew that winds are designated by the direction from which they come.

The colorization of black-and-white films by computers is defended by those who own the film rights, for the process can mean increased revenues for them; many others in the film industry, however, contend that the technique degrades major works of art, likening it to putting lipstick on a Greek statue.

anw13

谢谢Gmat928的解释！