ChaseDream
搜索
返回列表 发新帖
楼主: JerryGuan
打印 上一主题 下一主题

[SC总结] [草稿] than比较分类分析 ~~

[精华] [复制链接]
61#
发表于 2009-2-11 04:48:00 | 只看该作者
thanks very much~~~
62#
发表于 2009-5-15 21:47:00 | 只看该作者
ffice:smarttags">ffice:smarttags">ffice:smarttags">
    

(一)           
主谓宾结构,比较主语或谓语


    

than是主谓宾结构,且比较主语、谓语,无论如何,than之后的助词需补出;


    

之间的差别是that/those补不补。


    

 


    

主语类同时,主语可省(哪怕有状语成分存在),需要补助动词


    

As a result
of the continuing decline in the birth rate, fewer
people

            will enter the labor force
            
in the 1980’s than
                
did
            in
the 1960’s and 1970’s
, a twenty-year period during
which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.


    

 


    

 


    

主语类同时,若有定语成分(which/what等等)或其他限定性的成分修饰主语(done),则用that/those代替前主语,需要补助动词


    

In China
fewer people will enter the force than
will
those who live in
            
USA.


    

In China
fewer people will enter the force than those who live in USA will.


    

******以上例子的差别…??????


    

(I hate him
more than you do)


    

(I hate him
more than do you)


    

 


    

主语不类同时,显然有不同的主语,当然,需要补助动词;此时就没有that/those的问题。


    

Man will enter the force more than women will.


    

******The pay of senior executives increased in 1990 by
                a
                larger
                percentage
                than

            
did the wages of other salaried workers.
(原句)


    

The pay of senior executives increased in 1990 by
                a
                larger
                percentage
                than
the wages of other salaried workers
            
did.


    

以上例子的差别…??????


    

 


    

 


    

than前世两个动词的主谓宾结构,无须补助词;若有定语成分(which/what等等)或其他限定性的成分修饰主语(done),则用that/those代替前主语
            


    

A study
commissioned by the Department of Agriculture showed that if calves exercise and associate
with other calves, they require less medication and
gain weight more quickly than those

            raised
in confinement.


    

raised in confinement换为时间状语,则可以没有those,原则和前面一样,即,总结:


    

限定性成分的有无对应that/those的有无(这是主语类同的情况,不类同时不需要考虑此问题)


    

主谓宾与否决定助动词补与否


    

原因不在于than
            
有多个动词,而在于比较的部分属于不同成分,具体来说就是:less medicationmore quickly一个充当宾语,一个充当状语.如果都是充当宾语,则助词不可少.希望楼主能更正一下,这样大家会更明白一些另外,如果前面两个比较成分
            
都是充当宾语,则助词可以省略.


63#
发表于 2009-5-15 21:47:00 | 只看该作者
ffice:smarttags">ffice:smarttags">ffice:smarttags">
    

(一)  主谓宾结构,补充比较宾语——n+v+n+比较级+n


    

 


    

主谓宾句子结构,比较宾语——宾语没有动作内涵——就相当于“n+比较级+adj”模式,与(三)规则相同,即——that/those或者换主语,不需要补助动词


    

 


    

it就是指代前面说过的那个东西,而that指代前面说过的那种东西。That/those是类同,it是完全相同


    

******In addition
to having more protein than wheat does
******句比较,does到底放哪,有没有倒装, rice
            has
            protein
            of
            higher
            quality
            than
            that
            in
            wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to
the human diet.


    

 


    

Domestic
automobile manufacturers
            have
            invested
millions of dollars in research to
            develop
            cars even more
gasoline-efficient
            than
            those at present on the road.


    

 


    

In his
eagerness to find a city worthy of Priam, the German archaeologist Schliemann cut through Troy and uncovered a civilization
a thousand
            years
            more
            ancient
            than
            the
            city known to Homer’s heroes.


    

 


    

The man was
always aware, sometimes proudly and sometimes resentfully, that he was a
small-town Midwesterner thrust into a world
dominated by wealthier, better-educated, and more polished people than he
.


    

 


    

Bihar is India’s
state, with an annual per capita income
of $111 lower
            than
            that of the most impoverished countries
of the world.


    

 


    

有问题!!!这句明显不是宾语形式的比较,因为有动作的内涵,所以,归于主谓比较的范畴,是“主谓宾”结构
            
,于是必须有was,至于it????
                


    

如果前后时态一致,则其后的主语无须补助词;如果时态不一致,则需补出助词。


    

Florida will gain another quarter-million jobs this
year alone, many of them in such high-paying fields as electronics and banking,
making the state’s economy far more
            diversified than it was
                
ten years ago.


    

 


    

同样,than前只有BE + ADJ,如果前后时态一致,则其后的主语无须补助词;如果时态不一致,则需补出助词。


    

例如:The economy
of Florida is
more diversified than it was ten years ago


    

 


    

那么??


    

The
gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction;
its numbers are now five times greater than
it was when the
use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970's.


    

 


    

大全10             
A large rise in the number of housing
starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollarsby several
billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much
more robust than five years ago
.


    

(A) making the construction industry’s
economic health much more robust than five years ago


    

(C) making the construction industry’s
economic health much more robust than it was
five years ago


    

答案是c


    
og251. The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970's. . 
(A) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than 
(B) extinction; its numbers are now five times more than 
(C) extinction, their numbers now fivefold what they were 
答案是a  
Florida will gain another quarter-million jobs this year alone, many of them in such high-paying fields as electronics and banking,making the state’s economy far more diversified than it was ten years ago. 
其实根据这3个句子。可以看出than之后需不需要补助词。其实主要问题不是时态前后不一置。
og251a项中,than前后时态不一致,但确实把it was给省略了。而且这里it was是可以省的,并无歧义也很简洁。
在大全10和最后一句里,it was 需要补出,个人认为是因为比较结构出现在了伴随性状语中。
具体为什么,我也说不清,可能是为了避免歧义(我不是很确定)。但大家记住这个规律即可。
64#
发表于 2009-5-15 21:48:00 | 只看该作者

    

(一)           
主谓宾结构+介词+含比较级的延伸动作:
            


    

难点,如果不省略是什么样


    

Although
Napoleon’s army entered Russia with far more supplies than
those因为没有限定成分,于是可以省略,是宾语,这里不是主谓比较,于是不需要补助动词)for
any previous campaign
, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
            


    

 


    

Once positioned
in space, the Hubble Space Telescope will capture light
            from source twenty times fainter than those
(由于有限定成分于是不能省略those,这里是宾语含义补充上的比较,于是不需要补助词)
that can be detected
by ground-based instruments.


    

 


    

(二)           
N+比较级+adj结构


    

than前是“主+比较级+adj”结构(肯定是比较不同主语,于是用that/those或者换主语),不需要补助动词,因为无歧义


    

“主+比较级+adj”比较的是不同的主语——类同则用that/those,或者完全不同则用不同主语


    

 


    

主语类同时,是that/those;主语不类同,则换成了别的主语,与which/who从句无关,如:


    

 


    

Even though
Bela Bartok’s music has proved less popular than
Igor Stravinsky’s
and less influential than Arnold Schonberg’s, it
is no less important.


    

 


    

Several
studies have found that the coronary patients
who exercise most actively are at least
fifty percent less
            likely
            than
            those
            who are sedentary to die of a heart
attack.


    

 


    

In 1982 the
median income for married-couple families
with a wage-earning wife was $9,000 more than that for families in
which
only the husband was employed.


    

即总结:主+比较级+adj,一定有that/those或主语,不需要助动词.


    

 


    

Aging is a
property of all animals that reach a fixed size at maturity, and the variations in life spans among
different species are

            far
            greater
            than
            those
            among
individuals of the same species: a fruit fly is ancient at 40 days, a mouse at
3 years, a horse at 30, a man at 100, and some tortoises at 150.


    

可以看出,介词也是一种对主语进行限定的成分,所以必须有that/those


    

 


    

Nowhere
in Prakta is the influence
of modern European architecture more apparent
than in its government buildings.
倒装句,此句需查
            


    

 


    

这个less likely并没有把less likely to do结构发挥出来,所以就当一般的n+adj用了


    

Several
studies have found that the coronary patients
who exercise most actively are at least
fifty percent less
            likely
            than
            those
            who are sedentary to die of a heart
attack.


65#
发表于 2009-5-15 21:48:00 | 只看该作者
ffice:smarttags">ffice:smarttags">ffice:smarttags">ffice:smarttags">
    

(一)           
N+adj+含比较级的延伸动作


    

likely引导的延伸动作
             
Less/more
likely to do than to do


    

比较的是延伸的动作,而非n,于是不需要that/those


    

没有歧义,只有主谓宾结构中的“主语或谓语”的比较才补助动词,所以这里不补。


    

若延伸的动作一样,可以省略,但必须有修饰状语(以表明不同时空的同一动作)


    

 


    

The human
growth hormone, made by the pituitary
gland, is
            secreted
            in
            higher
concentrations during
            sleep
            than
is
secreted in concentration

            during waking hours.


    

此句不是”n+比较级+adj”而是“n+adj+延伸,延伸含比较级”


    

 


    

St. John’s , Newfoundland,
lies on the same latitude as Paris, France, but in spring St. John’s
            residents
are less likely to be sitting at
outdoor cafes than to be bracing
themselves
against arctic chills, shoveling snow, or seeking shelter
from a raging northeast storm.


    

 


    

The investor who is uncertain about the future is
            more
            likely
            to
            put
            money
            into blue-chip stocks or treasury bills than (to put money) into gold.


    

 


    

According to
a recent study, the elderly in the United States are four times more likely to
            give regular
finacial aid to their children than to receive
it from them.


    

 


    

下面两句在n+adj的形式里已经出现过


    

The investor who is uncertain about the future is
            more
            likely
            to
            put
            money
            into blue-chip stocks or treasury bills than (
to put money”被省略了)
            into gold.


    

 


    

 


    

 


    

(二)           
整句比较


    

In
Japan elderly
people
            are
            treated
            with
            far
            greater
            respect
            than
            they
            are
treated
in most Western countries.


    

我感觉这个句子问题出在语序上面,即像楼上说的In Japan 在句首,则做整句的状语,与我们通常见到的比较不同,这里的比较不满足平行的基本要求。


    

出于这个原因,如果单单把句子写成


    

In Japan elderly
people are treated with far greater respect than in most Western countries.


    

那么按照OG的说法,则是这个句子than前后不平行


    

所以一定要把主谓完整的写出来。


    

 


    

For many
travelers, charter vacations often turn out to cost
considerably more
            than
            they
            originally
            seemed.


    

 


    

Holland
spends a larger percentage
of its gross national product on defending its
coasts from rising seas than the United States does
on military defense.
句子比较
                


    

 


    

Two new
studies indicate that many people become obese more
because
their bodies burn calories too slowly than
            because
they eat too much.


    

 


    

Dr. Hakuta’s
research among Hispanic children in the United States indicates that the
            more
            the
            children
use both Spanish and English, the
            greater
            their
            intellectual
            advantage
in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic. (B-p106-7)

            


66#
发表于 2009-5-15 21:49:00 | 只看该作者
以上是我的重新分类
搞了一下午……

觉得自己的分类自己看起来更细一点,也更容易理解

且没有错乱。。

不过序号要改一下
67#
发表于 2009-5-16 01:09:00 | 只看该作者

谢谢楼主,谢谢ryanyong!

68#
发表于 2009-7-25 18:25:00 | 只看该作者
抱走了。谢谢~
69#
发表于 2009-12-6 05:22:09 | 只看该作者
不知道是不是就我一个人,反正没觉得有啥规律
70#
发表于 2010-2-12 11:31:17 | 只看该作者
很有参考价值!
您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

Mark一下! 看一下! 顶楼主! 感谢分享! 快速回复:

IESE MBA
近期活动

正在浏览此版块的会员 ()

手机版|ChaseDream|GMT+8, 2024-11-20 22:29
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号

ChaseDream 论坛

© 2003-2023 ChaseDream.com. All Rights Reserved.

返回顶部