恳请好心人解惑！！一道语法题

sbjqb

Because Miranda, the smallest moon of Uranus, has a large number of different surface features,
including craters, mountains, valleys, and fractures, some astronomers suggest that at one time
repeated impacts broke the surface apart, and after which the fragments were subsequently
rejoined because of mutual gravitational attraction.
(A) repeated impacts broke the surface apart, and after which the fragments were subsequently
rejoined because of
(B) repeated impacts on the surface broke it apart, after which the fragments having rejoined with
(C) through repeated impacts that the surface broke apart, after which the fragments subsequently
rejoined by
(D) the surface broke apart with repeated impacts, after which the fragments having rejoined
through
(E) the surface broke apart as a result of repeated impacts, after which the fragments rejoined
through





这里的Which我感觉明明就是指代 surface broke apart 这件事情，这样的话不是与PREP的对which用法的定义完全违背了吗?!!  "which要有具体指代的对象，不能笼统的指代前句描述的事情"

答案选E  这个不重要了 就是这个WHich的用法······

stucash

首先, which分为就近指代和跳跃指代. 这里也一样; 跳跃指代一般出现在主句末尾有N+介词短语的情况, 而which就修饰这个N, 跟此处相同;

根据跳跃修饰, which不能修饰the surface; 当然, 就不能是the surface broke apart了;
根据就近修饰, which也不能修饰.

此处which的修饰, 按照跳跃修饰应该是a result (of repeated impacts);
把后面分句用陈述语气重述一下,得到
the fragments rejoined through mutual gravitational attraction after which>>>即是>>>(a result of repeated impact).

从逻辑上讲, 确实是surface broke apart就是这个result;但从语法上要按语法进行修饰. LZ只要抓住这一点, 就不会困惑了.

如果有用或者需要再解释,回复就好. 讨论题目是进步的开始.呵呵.

sbjqb

非常感谢STUCASH
但是which会不会就是指代 impacts？  被我们都弄复杂了？ 呵呵 每次代词指代都搞的我很头大

stucash

恩，这个问题很容易困扰。但我们从逻辑上来思考就比较容易判断。
在判断跳跃修饰的时候如果不能从主谓一致上面作出决断， 那么一般就从逻辑上判断。这是难点。 此处从逻辑上思考后，再加上之前我们有倒叙句子，可以看出result要比impact稍微好一点。

指代问题本身就是个很麻烦的问题；不过一般要解决OG里的指代可以概括为以下三个原则：
1. which加逗号，是非限定定语从句（去掉后不影响句子完整性）；that不加逗号，是限定性定语从句（去掉后影响句子完整性）；
2. 主句末尾的结构是N+介词短语时, 要注意跳跃修饰, 在OG里面一般都会跳跃修饰N, 而不是介词短语里的那个名词;  that限定修饰也同样适用, N+介词短语+that, that仍然一般会跳跃修饰,当然还是有例外的.哈哈.
3. 无论是which,还是that, 我们都必须知道是会有就近指代的,这毕竟是正常点的修饰方法. 请运用逻辑和主谓一致进行进一步判断.

我可能还不尽完善, LZ可以下个白勇来看看, 上面也有具体讲这个, 你可以在根据你的情况总结一下.

加油.

dominique_cp

这个题目从which从句的谓语及后面表达上似乎更容易入手。