刘振民的某公式错了么？

休止符

语法书上有写，绝不单独使用this,these来指代前面出现过的名词，而应通过换用其他代词 如 such...或重复前面的名词来取代。可是旧prep2的34题

Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.

A选项是对的，却单独用了these来指代sauces.      

这是怎么回事呢？不过好像大多数题目确实都不能单独用this  these来指代呢。。。

再顺带问问nn们，从句是可以做主语的，比如that从句等，但because 引导的状语从句不能做主语吗？

aeoluseros

刘振民的那本书确实很多错误。
其实指代清晰了，就可以指代。具体的，可以专门挑指代的题目出来看，来体会什么是指代清晰。

但because 引导的状语从句不能做主语吗

just/only because是可以引导名词性从句的，但是这是口语表达，GMAT里面貌似并不接受，因为曾有一个prep语法题的E选项被排除的原因之一是用了这个口语化表达。所以because引导的从句在GMAT里面不能做主语。

休止符

谢谢斑斑亲自来解答~~还漏了一道题忘贴嘞~还得麻烦一下你~ 25.
There is a widespread belief in the United States and Western Europe that young people have a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents and that the source of the change lies in the collapse of the "work ethic."




(A) a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents

(B) less of a commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents

(C) a smaller commitment to work and a career than that of their parents and grandparents

(D) less of a commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents had

(E) a lessening of the commitment to work and a career that their parents and grandparents had  

选D。我明白这是两个句子在比较，但前面的have是实意动词吧，grandparents后面不应该用did来补充吗？因为不能用have补，否则就成了现在完成时的标志，而前面的have是实意动词。若用had来补充，说明had是助动词，补全的话是had had,而实意动词had省略了，也就是说后面这部分用的是过去完成时？是这样吗？

bioalwayshuo

对，同意你的解释。LZM中提倡尽量补全than后的动词，而且前后动词时态可能不同。