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虚心请教关于which,that等的就近修饰和跳跃修饰。。。混乱中。

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11#
发表于 2010-1-21 21:36:34 | 只看该作者
那加上下面这个你引用的例子就是说, 后面的修饰成分,既可以修饰前面也可以后面,关键看逻辑?

Byron possessed powers of observation that would have made him a great anthropologist and that makes his letters as a group the rival of the best novels of the time.
that...and that.....两个定语从句跳过ofovservation修饰了powers名词,这种情况下虽然语法上修饰的是obseration,但是逻辑上修饰的却是powers,照理说修饰有歧义了,但是这种n. of n.跳跃过名词修饰前面名词时允许的。

known as “The Iron Horse,” 是就近修饰baseball star Lou Gehrig的。
雷打不动的语法条例,就是无论什么形式一定是优先考虑就近修饰对象,其次在考虑跳跃修饰的问题。
Lou Gehrig which is known as “The Iron Horse,” 这个很明了,也很符合逻辑。
The endurance and consistency are know as “The Iron Horse,” 这个根本不通,也不合逻辑。

所以语法其实并不是死条例,很多情况下还是要靠逻辑的,具体情况具体分析咯。
-- by 会员 jiaxizou (2010/1/21 14:48:55)
12#
发表于 2010-1-21 22:10:59 | 只看该作者
The endurance and consistency 是复数。至少在GMAT里
13#
发表于 2010-1-21 22:21:37 | 只看该作者
那加上下面这个你引用的例子就是说, 后面的修饰成分,既可以修饰前面也可以后面,关键看逻辑?

Byron possessed powers of observation that would have made him a great anthropologist and that makes his letters as a group the rival of the best novels of the time.
that...and that.....两个定语从句跳过ofovservation修饰了powers名词,这种情况下虽然语法上修饰的是obseration,但是逻辑上修饰的却是powers,照理说修饰有歧义了,但是这种n. of n.跳跃过名词修饰前面名词时允许的。

known as “The Iron Horse,” 是就近修饰baseball star Lou Gehrig的。
雷打不动的语法条例,就是无论什么形式一定是优先考虑就近修饰对象,其次在考虑跳跃修饰的问题。
Lou Gehrig which is known as “The Iron Horse,” 这个很明了,也很符合逻辑。
The endurance and consistency are know as “The Iron Horse,” 这个根本不通,也不合逻辑。

所以语法其实并不是死条例,很多情况下还是要靠逻辑的,具体情况具体分析咯。
-- by 会员 jiaxizou (2010/1/21 14:48:55)
-- by 会员 bengfay (2010/1/21 21:36:34)



正解!我要表达的就是这个意思。

关键是看相近词语修饰到底是不是符合逻辑的,如果不符合跳跃过相近词语看看of之前的名词是否有修饰。
14#
发表于 2010-1-22 16:39:35 | 只看该作者
which 和 that 的区别已经不考了,in which除外
15#
发表于 2010-10-2 08:02:44 | 只看该作者
it is not as they said-
"Which in Gmat always refers to the word in front of it “

When the word in front of “which" is not applicable to "which", “which” here usually refers to the subject of the main clause.

However, when the target which “which” is referring to is cofusing, such as the case in the following question in which "which" could mean the chemicals or the campaign, we should avoid using "which”.



Many entomologists say that campaigns to eradicate the fire ant in the United States have failed because the chemicals that were used were effective only in wiping out the ant's natural enemies, which made it easier for them to spread.
A.    which made it easier for them
B.    which makes it easier for it
C.    thus making it easier for them
D.    thus making it easier for the ant        
E.    thereby, it was made easier for the ant


****
Differences between "which" and ",which"
ask two qestions first:

a. Is the clause necessary to understanding the sentence element it modifies?
b. Does the clause merely add information to, but not define, the sentence element it modifies?
16#
发表于 2010-10-2 08:04:39 | 只看该作者
If either one of the anwers to the above questions is “yes”, use “which” instead of “,which"
17#
发表于 2015-10-10 22:11:11 | 只看该作者
which从来都是就近修饰
that,一般考虑就近,但是有一种特殊情况——A of B,如果A是一个需要被解释的词汇,that就修饰A,起到了一种解释的作用。如果A不需要被解释(或者前文已经解释过),那么优先考虑修饰B。
v-ing形式:看逗号前面是表示因果关系的句子,还是不完整的语句成分。
1、如果是句子,v-ing表因果关系时,修饰的是前面句子的主语。
2、如果是不完整的成分&没有因果关系的句子时,就近修饰。
18#
发表于 2018-7-2 12:44:08 | 只看该作者
jiaxizou 发表于 2010-1-21 12:04
晕,忘记切换格式了,不方便看哈。 不用谢,大家共同进步。n. of n.结构确实是比较特殊的,白勇里面只有列出 ...

同意!               
19#
发表于 2019-7-23 17:07:27 | 只看该作者
branxu 发表于 2015-10-10 22:11
which从来都是就近修饰
that,一般考虑就近,但是有一种特殊情况——A of B,如果A是一个需要被解释的词汇, ...

老哥 看了这么多 就你总结的最清楚
20#
发表于 2019-7-23 17:10:00 | 只看该作者
branxu 发表于 2015-10-10 22:11
which从来都是就近修饰
that,一般考虑就近,但是有一种特殊情况——A of B,如果A是一个需要被解释的词汇, ...

再帮大神稍微补充一下,不一定是A of B这样的形式,只要B作为名词从属于A,或者对A起到的是修饰作用,比如A in B that,也可以跳跃指代A
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