虚心请教关于which，that等的就近修饰和跳跃修饰。。。混乱中。

stucash

以OG12 85题为例，MHT GMAT也好，坛子里总结也好，都有过说N+of介宾结构+which/that，那么是跳跃修饰N的。

如此一来，就近修饰和跳跃修饰就让着实的混了头。毕竟也见过of结构直接修饰宾语的。比如亲爱的OG上这道85题。

现在诚心请教大家，which/that等，什么时候应该是就近修饰，什么时候是跳跃修饰？

我把坛子里我能搜到的关于which跳跃修饰就近修饰的基本都看了一下，都没有一个明确的答案。

伤心当中。。。

85. Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the
Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an
ancient civilization that flourished at the same time
as the civilizations in the Nile Delta and the river
valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.
(A) that flurished at the same time as the
civilizations
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had
the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were

jiaxizou

楼主这个说起来比较麻烦很多条条款款的，需要总结很多东西。
还是要多做题目总结。我这里有个回帖，你可以参考下有点涉及到你提到的这个问题。在第二页的，希望有一点所帮助。
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-433482-1-1.html

stucash

谢谢楼上！仔细看过的你回帖了，讲得蛮好，很细致。其实你讲的我在白勇和MAHATTAN上都有看过；也有具体的规定说，什么时候跳跃修饰；但问题就是在我遇到了这一题之后就变的很不确定了；n+介宾结构一般在GMAT都是跳跃修饰的；而此题，明显无论逻辑还是语法都是修饰civilization；而且，正是介宾结构；你说我能不昏吗。。。。。。

飞行2010

我觉得是根据整体语意来判断修饰谁，不需要归纳出条条框框。

jiaxizou

不用谢,大家共同进步。
n. of n.结构确实是比较特殊的，白勇里面只有列出这一类别来说明跳跃修饰问题。
这几天给别人解答语法题的时候，我发现了另一种跳跃修饰，如下，
Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger [bgcolor=#ff483f]agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded.[/bgcolor]
that includes a provision for penalties跳跃过is signed（被动形式）来修饰名词agreement.     我第一次看得快把that和signed连接起来了认为that引导句是signed的宾语从句，其实不是，他是agreement的定语从句。

我想这里之所以要把that定语从句放在signed的后面是为了句子平衡吧，如果还原句子的话：

a merger agreement that includes a provision for penalties is signed,

一个是犯了头重脚轻的毛病，另一个就是容易造成歧义a provision is signed.

OPEN TO DISCUSS!

jiaxizou

晕，忘记切换格式了，不方便看哈。

不用谢,大家共同进步。
n. of n.结构确实是比较特殊的，白勇里面只有列出这一类别来说明跳跃修饰问题。
这几天给别人解答语法题的时候，我发现了另一种跳跃修饰，如下，
Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded.
that includes a provision for penalties跳跃过is signed（被动形式）来修饰名词agreement. 我第一次看得快把 that和signed 连接起来了认为that引导句是signed的宾语从句，其实不是，他是agreement的定语从句。

我想这里之所以要把that定语从句放在signed的后面是为了句子平衡吧，如果还原句子的话：

a merger agreement that includes a provision for penalties is signed,

一个是犯了头重脚轻的毛病，另一个就是容易造成歧义a provision is signed.

OPEN TO DISCUSS!

bengfay

看看这道题,  问题里的known语法上是不是应该修饰  the endurance and consistency 而不是 baseball star 呢?

24.    The endurance and consistency of baseball star Lou Gehrig, known as “The Iron Horse,” are legendary.
(A) The endurance and consistency of baseball star Lou Gehrig, known as “The Iron Horse,” are legendary.
(B) The endurance and consistency of Lou Gehrig, a baseball star known as “The Iron Horse,” is legendary.
(C) Known as “The Iron Horse,” the endurance and consistency of Lou Gehrig, the baseball star, is legendary.
(D) The reason baseball star Lou Gehrig is known as “The Iron Horse” is because of his legendary endurance and consistency.
(E) Known as “The Iron Horse,” baseball star Lou Gehrig’s endurance and consistency are legendary.

大荣

6楼的例子中，个人认为known as “The Iron Horse,” 只能修饰人，B比较准确。

顺便确认一下，"The endurance and consistency“ 这种两个and连接的不可数名词作主语，依然是单数的，对吧？

bengfay

答案选A

jiaxizou

known as “The Iron Horse,” 是就近修饰baseball star Lou Gehrig的。
雷打不动的语法条例，就是无论什么形式一定是优先考虑就近修饰对象，其次在考虑跳跃修饰的问题。
Lou Gehrig which is known as “The Iron Horse,” 这个很明了，也很符合逻辑。
The endurance and consistency are know as “The Iron Horse,” 这个根本不通，也不合逻辑。

所以语法其实并不是死条例，很多情况下还是要靠逻辑的，具体情况具体分析咯。