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Snazzy

1.                            
Research during the past
several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and
make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying
simplicity.

(A) that produce
and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying
simplicity

(B) of producing
and understanding it have revealed not underlying simplicity but great
complexity

(C) by which it is
produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great
complexity

(D) by which it is
produced and understood have revealed great complexity rather than underlying
simplicity（A）BDE r eliminated as the subject is
research

(E) by which one
produces and understands it have revealed great complexity instead of
underlying simplicity





I have read all the comments in the following address. However, I am not convinced by the explanations which favor A.

    dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&star=1&replyid=279245&id=14367&skin=0&page=1

1, 'produce' has to have an object.

2, if, as claimed, 'produce' and 'make' used the same object
'it',     'understandable' would have to be shared as well since
'make it understandable' is a whole. otherwise, 'it' must not be ommitted after 'produce.

3, the usage of 'by' in C needs to be clarified. i don't agree with
those who insist that it be denoted as ' 语言被过程理解'.

here is another usage from Longman:

BY:used to say what means or method someone uses to do something

You can reserve the tickets by phone.

Send it by airmail.

Some customers prefer to pay by cheque

---> Clearly,     C should be understood as '语言是通过过程而产生并被人们所理解‘

In sum, I think that C is better than A.     More discussion is appreciated.

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-3-4 1:57:09编辑过]

jnlvo

c:processes understood it。可能吗？


    

snow_mountain

以下是引用Snazzy在2004-3-4 1:54:00的发言：

<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.                             <!--[endif]-->Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity.

(A) that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity

(B) of producing and understanding it have revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity

(C) by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity

(D) by which it is produced and understood have revealed great complexity rather than underlying simplicity（A）BDE r eliminated as the subject is research

(E) by which one produces and understands it have revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity



I have read all the comments in the following address. However, I am not convinced by the explanations which favor A.
    dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&star=1&replyid=279245&id=14367&skin=0&page=1
1, 'produce' has to have an object.
2, if, as claimed, 'produce' and 'make' used the same object 'it',     'understandable' would have to be shared as well since 'make it understandable' is a whole. otherwise, 'it' must not be ommitted after 'produce.
3, the usage of 'by' in C needs to be clarified. i don't agree with those who insist that it be denoted as ' 语言被过程理解'.
here is another usage from Longman:
BY:used to say what means or method someone uses to do something
You can reserve the tickets by phone.
Send it by airmail.
Some customers prefer to pay by cheque
---> Clearly,     C should be understood as '语言是通过过程而产生并被人们所理解‘
In sum, I think that C is better than A.     More discussion is appreciated.

小鸭，你举的例子有一个问题－都是主动语态。


而 by which it is produced     and understood 这里是被动。如果按你说的可以解释为by certain means or method. 至少有歧异。因为被动语态的影响，应该优先表示the agent of the passive voice.