白勇语法chapter 2-20

lanyuatbard

Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, isgoing to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

A the collateral against which farmers borrow to get though the harvest season, is
B which farmers use as collateral to borrow againist to get through the harvest season, is
C the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is
D which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are
E the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are

这个题答案选E。
我的问题是为什么declining是作为定语修饰VALUES， 而不能把整个declining values for farm equipment and land看做句子的主语。第二个问题，为什么the collateral aginst这个短语要提前，能不能举一个稍微简单一点的例子说明为什么这个短语要提前，谢谢各位牛人！

winniexin123

我想主要还是从句意上来判断吧。如果declining values for farm equipment and land做主语强调的是动作，但不能是下降价值的这个动作使得借款人收紧信贷吧。而E中，就是指房屋和土地价格下降的这种状态。这样才更合理。

the collateral是farm equipment and land的同位语，就是要紧跟着farm equipment and land啊。而后面against which是一个定语从句修饰the collateral。

一点拙见。