精义：总结关于“THAN”的所有帖

ryanyong

A,主谓宾结构的比较，than后的助词需补出

一A. than后补出完全不同的名词时(这种情况下也不需要考生考虑)

The pay of senior executives increased in 1990 by a larger percentage than did the wages of other salaried workers. （原句）

The pay of senior executives increased in 1990 by a larger percentage than the wages of other salaried workers did （请注意，倒装……）

 

 

一B. than后没有补出完全不同的名词时，需不需要that/those

1.当有限制的成分时，需要that/those。

In China fewer people will enter the force than will those who live in
            USA.

In China fewer people will enter the force than those who live in USA will.

（请注意，倒装……）

这两句的第一句是错误的，若是宾语比较，则不需要加do，若是主语比较，加 助动词，倒装与否只取决于“倒装是为了避免头重脚轻”。所以，根本没有加绿线句子的情况，且(I hate him more than you do)(I hate him more than do you)两句话是同一个意思。

 

2.当没有限制的成分时（暂且认为时间状语“没有限制能力”），不需要that/those

As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, fewer people
            will enter the labor force
            in the 1980’s than
                did
            in the 1960’s and 1970’s, a twenty-year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.

 

 

二．OG中出现的特殊情况——主谓宾结构，却没有加助动词。

A study commissioned by the Department of Agriculture showed that if calves exercise and associate with other calves, they require less medication and gain weight more quickly than those
            raised in confinement.

less medication与more quickly一个充当宾语,一个充当状语.如果都是充当宾语,则助词不可少.希望楼主能更正一下,这样大家会更明白一些. 另外,如果前面两个比较成分都是充当宾语,则助词可以省略。

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-5-21 21:45:23编辑过]

ryanyong

 

B,比较不涉及主谓，只比较句子的附加成分，不补助动词.

介宾比较:A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2.（C1C2，D1D2对等名词）

一，句子结构中只有主谓，没有宾语 的情况。

因为没有宾语，只可能有主语比较，因而不需要助动词。

I eat faster than you

 

 

二A，than后没有补出完全不同的名词时

In his eagerness to find a city worthy of Priam, the German archaeologist Schliemann cut through Troy and uncovered a civilization a thousand
                        years
                        more
                        ancient
                        than
                        the
                        city known to Homer’s heroes.

 

二B，在than后没有补出完全不同的名词时，即前后名词类同，That/those的出现“与否”仍取决于限制性修饰成分的“有无”。

1.当有限制的成分时，需要that/those。

Domestic automobile manufacturers
                        have
                        invested millions of dollars in research to
                        develop
                        cars even more gasoline-efficient
                        than
                        those at present on the road.

 

In addition to having more protein than wheat does, rice
                        has
                        protein
                        of
                        higher
                        quality
                        than
                        that
                        in
                        wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.

 

Bihar is India’s state, with an annual per capita income of $111 lower
                        than
                        that of the most impoverished countries of the world.

 

***Once positioned in space, the Hubble Space Telescope will capture light
                        from source twenty times fainter than those that can be detected by ground-based instruments.

 

2.当没有限制的成分时（暂且认为时间状语“没有限制能力”），不需要that/those

The man was always aware, sometimes proudly and sometimes resentfully, that he was a small-town Midwesterner thrust into a world dominated by wealthier, better-educated, and more polished people than he.

 

***Although Napoleon’s army entered Russia
                                with far more supplies than for any previous campaign, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
                        

 

 

&如果时态不一致，则需补出助词。

Florida will gain another quarter-million jobs this year alone, many of them in such high-paying fields as electronics and banking, making the state’s economy far more
                        diversified than it was
                            ten years ago.

ryanyong

C,主系表结构，不补助动词

一，than后有完全不同的名词。

Even though Bela Bartok’s music has proved less popular than Igor Stravinsky’s and less influential than Arnold Schonberg’s, it is no less important.

 

二，than后没有完全不同的名词时

1.当有限制的成分时，需要that/those。

Several studies have found that the coronary patients who exercise most actively are at least fifty percent less
                likely
                than
                those
                who are sedentary to die of a heart attack.

who对主语进行限制，必须有that/those。

 

In 1982 the median income for married-couple families with a wage-earning wife was $9,000 more than that for families in which only the husband was employed.

In which对主语进行限制，必须有that/those。

 

The question of whether to divest themselves of stock in companies that do business in South Africa is particularly troublesome for the nation's 116 private Black colleges because their economic bases are often more fragile than those of most predominantly White colleges.

 

Aging is a property of all animals that reach a fixed size at maturity, and the variations in life spans among different species are
                far
                greater
                than
                those
                among individuals of the same species: a fruit fly is ancient at 40 days, a mouse at 3 years, a horse at 30, a man at 100, and some tortoises at 150.
                

介词对主语进行限制，所以必须有that/those。

 

 

2.当没有限制的成分时（暂且认为时间状语“没有限制能力”），不需要that/those

Nowhere in Prakta is the influence of modern European architecture more apparent than in its government buildings.

状语，没有限制性，不需要that/those

 

 

&如果时态不一致，则需补出助词。

The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago。

但，此处出现OG唯一一处不符合规则的。

og251. The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970's. .

(A) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than

(B) extinction; its numbers are now five times more than

(C) extinction, their numbers now fivefold what they were

答案是a  

ryanyong

D,Less/more likely to do than to do

St. John’s , Newfoundland, lies on the same latitude as Paris, France, but in spring St. John’s
                residents are less likely to be sitting at outdoor cafes than to be bracing themselves against arctic chills, shoveling snow, or seeking shelter from a raging northeast storm.

 

The investor who is uncertain about the future is
                more
                likely
                to
                put
                money
                into blue-chip stocks or treasury bills than (to put money) into gold.

 

According to a recent study, the elderly in the United States are four times more likely to
                give regular finacial aid to their children than to receive it from them.

 

The investor who is uncertain about the future is
                more
                likely
                to
                put
                money
                into blue-chip stocks or treasury bills than (“to put money”被省略了)
                into gold.

 

E,全句对称结构，sb do xxx比sb do yyy（或xxx in B）更Xer

往往省略相同成分，不同成分则不省。

（具体一下牛句怎么特殊我也说不清楚，反正看起来就是不同，但，他们大气……囧）

The human growth hormone, made by the pituitary gland, is
                secreted
                in
                higher concentrations during
                sleep
                than（is secreted in concentration）
                during waking hours.

 

Two new studies indicate that many people become obese more because their bodies burn calories too slowly than
                because they eat too much.

 

Holland spends a larger percentage of its gross national product on defending its coasts from rising seas than the United States does on military defense.句子比较
                

 

For many travelers, charter vacations often turn out to cost considerably more
                than
                they
                originally
                seemed.

 

In Japan elderly people
                are
                treated
                with
                far
                greater
                respect
                than
                they
                are（treated） in most Western countries.

ryanyong

 

F,著名结构：

than usual/everbefore/expected/ever/anticipated/ estimated

The report on the gross national product—the nation’s total production of goods and services—showed that second-quarter inflation was somewhat lower than previously estimated
                    and that the savings rate was slightly higher.

 

The financial crash of October 1987 demonstrated that the world’s capital markets
                are
                more closely integrated
                than
                    ever
                    before and that events in one part of the global village may be transmitted to the rest of the village—almost instantaneously.

 

 

 

G,more than, less than 及其他
                    

一.视同副词
        

Founded in 1983, the magazine
                has
                since
                    more
                    than
                    doubled its circulation and its advertising.

 

The number of undergraduate degrees in engineering awarded by colleges and universities in the United States
                more than doubled from 1978 to 1985.

 

Degler does more than merely summarize existing research; he constructs a coherent picture of two centuries of studies dealing with the changing roles of women.

 

A Labor Department study states that the number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.
            

 

Less detrimental than the effects of bacterial transformation are
                the
                effects of bacterial deterioration: spoilage of food, corrosion of metals, decay of wood, and other undesirable alternations of substances.
            

 

No less remarkable than
                the development of the compact disc has
                been
                the
                use of the new technology to revitalize, in better sound than was ever before possible, some of the classic recorded performances of the pre-LP era.

 

Even though the direct costs of malpractice disputes amounted to less than one percent of the $541 billion the nation spent on health care last year, doctors say fear of lawsuits plays a major role in health-care inflation.

 

With total sales of less than three hundred thousand dollars and fewer new subscribers than last year, the New England Theatre Company is in danger of losing its building.

 

二.视同形容词
        

No less an authority than Walter Cronkite has reported that half of all Americans never read a book.

 

IRS provision 354-B requires that an S corporation with assets of greater
                than $200,000 send W-2 forms to its full-and part-time employees on or before Jan.31.

 

三．插入语

The visiting pharmacologists concluded that the present amalgam of Chinese and Western medicine is probably as good as, or better than, any other system that might be devised for the patients treated at the Nan Kai hospital in Tian-jing.

 

The use of chemical pesticides in this country is as extensive as it was ten years ago, if not more so.
            

 

PS：According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20
                percent of young adults used
                cocaine in 1979, twice
                the
                number reported in the 1977 survey. 同位语
            

 

还有as……as, the more……the more, 就不说了，这里只说than.。

zuozuox

够详细。。

jbyupei

很有启发，  比较主语相同时，  后面如果是状语成分， THOSE 和 THAT 就不用补了， 如果是定语成分就要补

如果有 AS AS 的总结就好了， 这个更难

ryanyong

as as 这两天正在发掘，现在开工，今晚应该可以发掘出来

今天开窍了，发现as as就两种情况。

qbfnigel

顶

songzhm0525

总结太好了，真是雪中送炭啊~~~

有个弱弱的问题请大家不要见笑：

就是D部分的第二个句子“The investor who is uncertain about the future is more likely to put money into blue-chip stocks or treasury bills than (to put money) into gold”为什么把在than后面把to put money省掉了？是不是第一个句子的than后面的“to be”也可以省掉？

然后我在提供一个句子：

GWD3-Q30：Today's technology allows manufacturers to make small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time in production history. 

这种类型是属于上述的那一种呢？

小的斗胆补充一下：Today's technology allows manufacturers to make small cars that are more fuel-efficient than
                    those at any other time in production history.

这里进行比较的是时间还是small cars 啊？困惑