prep 101

maimai2009

Many environmentalists, and some economists, say that free trade encourages industry to relocate to countries with ineffective or poorly enforced antipollution laws, mostly in the developing world, and that, in order to maintain competitiveness, rich nations have joined this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution.

(A) that, in order to maintain competitiveness, rich nations have joined this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution

(B) that, for maintaining competitiveness, rich nations join in this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution

(C) that rich nations join this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution because of wanting to maintain competitiveness

(D) that in rich nations, joining this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution is a result of wanting to maintain competition

(E) that wanting to maintain competition is making rich nations join in this downward slide toward an attitude about pollution that is more lax

 

答案A， 为什么要用have joined? 直接用joined不行吗？

谢谢了

aeoluseros

用joined跟前面主句的时态不符合。(joined有现在已经不Join了的含义)

smiling_cd

我对这个句子的时态好疑惑啊？
主句的时态，say that,一般时，say后面的从句用 encourages ，后面第二个分句的that后面说什么也不应该使用have joined完成时啊？我觉得应该用join。
用B的 for doing表示目的我觉得应该也是可以的吧

哪位大人帮俺解解惑？

AlienX

原意是: 為了maintain competitiveness, rich nation巳經加入了this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
如果用join, 意思不一樣, 會變成: 為了maintain competitiveness, 一般來說, rich nation(會)加入了this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
for doing something不會用來表目的...用to maintain competitiveness...