复习到作文，这是之前上了XDF后整理的句型和短语：
短语：
对…有益及对…有害：
A affect on B: A have an (adj.) influence on B
A have an impact on B
A exert an impact on B
Scientific research has a beneficial influence on various
aspects of our life.
Impact varying
These possibilities may be bad for revenue.
do harm to
have a
negative/harmful influence on
play a
negative role in
adversely affect
句型：Common sense
informs us that +加上句
A与B有关：
A be connected with B
A be in connection with B
A be associated with B
There is a correlation between A and B
*establish a causal relation between A and B(题中可能是错误的因果关系)
对…感兴趣：
It’s obvious that sb. express a high level of interest in….
重视：
sb. attach great importance to sth.
It’s high time great importance were attached to…
Sb focus attention on sth
归因：
attribute 果 to 因
果 be attributable to 因
ascribe 果 to 因
One should not ascribe one’s errors to objective conditions.
Want to do…
indicate a desire for…
exhibit
demonstrate
manifest
Spend a lot of time on…
devote money/time to sth./doing sth.
例句：
As a majority of people indicate a desire for success, they devote
a great proportion of their time to career.
引起：
incur special risks
provide
induce
court
eg. Sb. will incur special risks if he fails to identify other
possibilities, such as…
arouse one’s interest
attract one’s attention
appeal to sb. (eg.Sth.
appeals to sb. by exerting visual effect.)
stimulate one’s desire
induce sb. to do sth.
不同程度上依赖于：
Sth. rely to varying degree on…
使…不能
make … unable to do
prevent…from…
preclude…from…
make it impossible for… to do
句型：
Sb. approached the problem that…, proceeding from an analysis of
…proceeding from making an
analogy between..
Sb. turned to a question that had troubled…
有可能地：
It is possible that…
likely that…
probable that…
in all probability that…
It is unfair to ignore the possibility that…
指出观点有问题：
The
common notion that ….. is false (or at
least out-dated).
widespread belief mistaken
prevailing contention inappropriate
widely-accepted claim illogical
commonly-accepted irrational
normally-accepted arbitrary
universally-accepted unsubstantiated
扩充：However，the common notion that
sb. be apathetic about…is false.
指出相反观点：
On one hand, a majority of people believed that…;on the other
hand, sb., however, have long argued that…
While it is perhaps true that…, but…
People who oppose my view may point out that….I agree. But…
It should be admitted/acknowledged/mentioned/taken into
account that…
Admittedly…
One argument against my contention may asserts that…
Some researchers even claim that…
Yet substantiated evidence exists to the contrary.
Two researchers, for example,…
Given this,… (establish standards)
指出假设漏洞：
The argument assumes that the company was more profitable because
of centralization. However, it fail to identify other possibilities, such as A,
B and C.
质疑假设之后提出：
My assumption that … is supported by…
进一步：
As his career developed, Freud grew more and more convinced that…,
and did insist that…(Freud p283)
(issue第二段开头)
I’d like approach the problem that… proceeding from an analysis of…(assumption).
Before coming to the conclusion that Freudian psychoanalysis can
be appropriated to bolster feminism, we need to make a careful scrutiny of some
fundamental concepts widely used by feminism.
Eg. Before coming to the conclusion that…, we need to make a careful
scrutiny of the assumptions on which the whole reasoning based.
All, however, that we are able to do when faced with this problem
is to…
…to consider
either by actual conditions, or by the experiences
…to take into account
some more factors that have impact on sth.
…是…的基础：
Knowledge underlies success.
The whole reasoning process is based/ rested on an assumption
that…
A has served
as adj. foundations on which all other … have rested.
评价别人/权威观点：
Some economists have put forward arguments that deserve
evaluation/ comment.
评价事物：
Few matters excite so much comment as sth.
In a general way, these perceptions are widely shared, not only
among…, but among…
引用名人名言：
Sb., however, have long argued that…
A gifted psychologist has said that…
As the head of Pharmacology at my university once said(and I
paraphrase):
忽视其他因素导致结论漏洞：
Yet those who hold that… cannot fully understand sth without
understanding…
例句：Yet those who
hold that profit serves as the only standard to evaluate business success
cannot fully understand the meaning of success without taking into account that
profit is subject to many factors, such as A, B and C.
Consequently, nothing seems good that doesn’t accord with the
requirements of ….
That someone didn’t identify …, then gave a wrong advice is not
unusual occurrence.(并不少见)
与…有关：
Sth has less to do with A than it does with B.
A, not B, is responsible for…
Sth. correlate best, not with…, but rather with…
The longevity ascribed to Hawaii’s
current population is attributable mostly to genetically determined factors.
对一个情况适用不代表对另一个情况下适用false analogy：
The writer who intends to draw an analogy between A and B argue
that A’s success is appropriated here as a model for B to follow.
A practice which leads to A’s triumph could be another’s tragedy
owning to their diverse background and respective experience.
The writer assumes that sth. is beneficial to A, it must have a
positive influence on B. However, he ignores a series of differences between
them.
The most striking difference between A and B is /lies in
sth. was achieved at the cost of…, a cost so high as not only to
do.., but also to do
make an analogy:
I’d like to draw an analogy between A and B to better illustrate
my point.
评价事物好坏（两面性）：
On one hand,…,on the other hand, perhaps, sth. plays a positive
role in enhancing employee’s loyalty and job satisfaction.
Treasure or trash?
What can sth. bring to us? Curse? Or blessings?
(Maybe followed: It could be weighed in many aspects and different
people may come up with different answers owning to their diverse background
and respective experience.)
Lack of sth. seems to be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly
handled, it may become a driving force.
Freud in fact, as we have seen, operates with multiple criteria
for perversion and pathology. We have also seen that…
Eg. Authority in fact, as we have seen, plays an crucial role in
the operation of a company. We also seen that it would be a disaster if it is
abused.
解释Key Words：
Usually, when confronted with sth., sb. could ….
引出例证：
To make my point clear and convincing, I will supplement my
statement
/narration with some examples.
To buttress my point that…,I will propose a case that refers to…
fortify my argument with (statistics or a case)
(issue第二段开头)
I’d like approach the problem that… proceeding from an analysis of…(assumption).
We carry large chunks of similar phenomena in our life.
让步（对所支持内容的让步）
Yet the lack of information about other possible
factors affecting sth. doesn’t make them unimportant.
错误定义：
However, besides lacking a strong conceptual framework, this
definition fails to recognize the distinction between…and…
指出障碍、困难、不严密：
A major obstacle that sb. maybe confronted with at this point is…
Still the conclusion admits of further support.
Though the topic has been extensively discussed, certain points
relevant to… need to be repeated.(p32)
Thus, successful defense depend precisely on…
需要下很大决心才能…
Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to…
That …is commonly recognized by advocates of…
Who hold that…
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发表于 2008-10-20 04:41:00
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