[求助]GWD26-Q24 （跳跃修饰）

rpch2004

GWD26-Q24

According to United States census data, while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home.
  

 

 

 

 

A.     while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home.

B.      there were about one-third of mothers with young children who worked outside the home in 1975; in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home

C.     in 1975 about one-third of mothers with young children worked outside the home; in 2000, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home

D.     even though in 1975 there were about one-third of mothers with young children who worked outside the home, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in 2000

E.      with about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in 2000

答案为C，D错在who worked outside 修饰children逻辑错误

但是，不是说如果定语从句前有介词短语，比如in 1998什么之类的，定语从句就可以跳跃修饰前面的名词

这里的with young children 可不可以看成一个介词短语，然后who ....跳跃修饰前面的名词mothers ？？

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-7-24 0:38:35编辑过]

rpch2004

今天又被跳跃修饰难倒了，似乎好象不能跳跃修饰啊，以下是prep sc text2的29题：

29.    (26032-!-item-!-188;#058&002964)

 

Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San Antonio winds through the middle of the business district, and the River Walk, or Paseo del Rio, is the city's most popular attraction.

 

(A) Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San Antonio

(B) Unlike the river in many cities in the United States, which is no longer the focal point of urban life, in San Antonio the river

(C) Today the river in many cities in the United States is no longer the focal point of urban life, unlike San Antonio, where it

(D) In few United States cities today, a river is the focal point of urban life, but the river in San Antonio

(E) No longer do many cities in the United States have a river as the focal point of urban life, but in San Antonio the river

答案为E，我选了B，解释说B中which错误指代United States，但是我想如果碰见介词短语不是可以跳跃修饰吗，于是跳过两个介词短语in the United States和in many cities ，不就正确修饰the river 了吗？

从我碰见的两道题来看，是没有跳跃修饰的，请NN过来确定一下，以免我再次做错题

rpch2004

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看了很多老帖都说，跳跃修饰从两点判断：

（1）逻辑意思

（2）主谓一致

GWD26-Q24 :

首先，无法从主谓一致来看，因为没有出现。

其次，从逻辑意思来看，D中的who要跳跃修饰mothers才对，但从语法上看，who既可以修饰mothers，也可修饰children

另外，C中很巧妙地避开了修饰问题，所以说C优于D

prep29:

首先，从从主谓一致来看，is既可以修饰the river，也可以修饰United States，混乱

其次，从逻辑意思来看，B中which引导非限制性定语从句，可以跳跃修饰（如果which引导限制性定语从句时，不可以跳跃修饰），跳过两个介词短语in many cities 和in the United States，修饰核心词the river 。

另外，E中很巧妙地避开了修饰问题，所以说E优于B

大NN们进来看看我说得对不对？

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-7-24 2:11:43编辑过]

rpch2004

我对跳跃修饰的小结：

一．关于that引导定语从句的跳跃修饰：

1．  N + 介词短语 + that

（1）N + 介词短语 + that中that跳跃修饰N

885-4-21

21. With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses.
(A) is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting
(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract

正确答案为C，从逻辑意思上看，that应修饰communities

 

（2）N + 介词短语 + that中that就近修饰（例子就不举了，很常见）

2．A of B + that

（1）A of B + that中that指代B

Og10的第1题：

1.  The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child.

(A)  occurring when a child

(B)  occurring when children

(C)  that occurred when a child

(D)  that occurred when they were children

(E)   that has occurred as each was a child

答案为D；that就近指代a divorce;

（2）A of B + that中that指代A的：

Og10的第168题：

168. Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces double the apples that it has in 1910.

(A)  double the apples that it has

(B)  twice as many apples as it did

(C)  as much as twice the apples it has

(D)  two times as many apples as there were

(E)   a doubling of the apples that it did

Choice B, the best answer, correctly uses the adverbial phrase twice as many... to modify the verb produces; properly employs many rather than much to describe a quantity made up of countable units (apples); and appropriately substitutes did for the understood produced to express the logically necessary past tense of produces. Choice A awkwardly substitutes the adjective double for twice; uses that without a clear referent; and misuses has to refer to events occurring in 1910. Choice C employs the incorrect much in a wordy construction and also misuses has. D is wordy and imprecise;... as there were in 1910 refers to all apples produced in 1910, regardless of location. E is illogical: since that refers to a doubling, E nonsensically asserts that the doubling occurred in 1910.

 

 

二．关于which引导定语从句的跳跃修饰：

（1）       限制性定语从句：不可以跳跃修饰

（2）       非限制性定语从句：可以跳跃修饰

Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber her letters to anyone else.

很明显，which引导非限制性定语从句跳跃修饰Emily Dickinson’s letters

 

三．Where引导定语从句的跳跃修饰

225. Minnesota is the only one of the contiguous forty-eight states that still has a sizable wolf population. and where this predator remains the archenemy of cattle and sheep.

(A)  that still has a sizable wolf population, and where

(B)  that still has a sizable wolf population, where

(C)  that still has a sizable population of wolves, and where

(D)  where the population of wolves is still sizable;

(E)   where there is still a sizable population of wolves and where

In choices A and C, the construction that still has ..., and where modifies Minnesota with clauses that are not gram­matically parallel. In choice B, the omission of and illogically makes the where ... clause modify wolf population rather than Minnesota--that is, choice B says in effect that the wolf population is where the wolf remains the archenemy of cattle and sheep. Choice D is grammatically constructed, but it lacks a conjunction that establishes a logical relation between the clauses; since Minnesota as a grammatical subject is separated from the clause following the semicolon, the statement there need not even pertain to Minnesota. In E, the best choice, the parallel construction of where ... and where ... allows both clauses to modify Minnesota.

正确答案E中两个where并列，共同跳跃修饰Minnesota

 

四．Whose的跳跃修饰

大全-675      Studies show that young people with higher-than-average blood pressure and their families have a history of high blood pressure are more likely than others to develop a severe form of the condition.

(A) and their families have a history of high blood pressure

(B) whose families have a history of high blood pressure

(C) and a history of high blood pressure runs in the family

(D) whose families have a history of high blood pressure running in them（B）
            

(E) with a history of high blood pressure running in their family
            

正确答案为B，这里面的whose的修饰就是跃过with短语的限定直接修饰young people的

五．小结：

跳跃修饰要遵循以下两条规律：

（1）逻辑意思

（2）主谓一致

另外，等待G友回复3楼的问题，谢谢

aeoluseros

其次，从逻辑意思来看，D中的who要跳跃修饰mothers才对，但从语法上看，who既可以修饰mothers，也可修饰children.

逻辑上看为什么不能修饰children?children不一定不能工作啊。

我认为这不能死记，你也说了跳跃修饰从两点判断：

（1）逻辑意思

（2）主谓一致

再加一点（3）就近原则。

按照2，1，3的顺序来分析下面的题目。

21. With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses.
(A) is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting
(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract

正确答案为C，从逻辑意思上看，that应修饰communities

 第一步，不能用主谓一致来判断。第二步那就用逻辑，第一个符合逻辑的是communities，所以就是communities，因为很明显the Great Lakes不合逻辑，它不能improve和attract。

 第一步，不能用主谓一致来判断。第二步那就用逻辑，第一个符合逻辑的是communities，所以就是communities，因为很明显the Great Lakes不合逻辑，它不能improve和attract。

（2）N + 介词短语 + that中that就近修饰（例子就不举了，很常见）

2．A of B + that

（1）A of B + that中that指代B

Og10的第1题：

1.  The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child.

(A)  occurring when a child

(B)  occurring when children

(C)  that occurred when a child

(D)  that occurred when they were children

(E)   that has occurred as each was a child

答案为D；that就近指代a divorce;

第一步，同样无法用主谓一致来判断，那依然用逻辑，第一个就对上号了，所以that是就近修饰

（2）A of B + that中that指代A的：

Og10的第168题：

168. Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces double the apples that it has in 1910.
                

(A)  double the apples that it has
                

(B)  twice as many apples as it did
                

(C)  as much as twice the apples it has
                

(D)  two times as many apples as there were

(E)   a doubling of the apples that it did
                

这个B才是正确答案啊，E里a doubling of这个表达是错的...

reallingling

Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San Antonio winds through the middle of the business district, and the River Walk, or Paseo del Rio, is the city's most popular attraction.

 (A) Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San Antonio

 (A) Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San Antonio

(B) Unlike the river in many cities in the United States, which is no longer the focal point of urban life, in San Antonio the river

(C) Today the river in many cities in the United States is no longer the focal point of urban life, unlike San Antonio, where it

(D) In few United States cities today, a river is the focal point of urban life, but the river in San Antonio

(E) No longer do many cities in the United States have a river as the focal point of urban life, but in San Antonio the river

B中which是指代the Untied States 的，就近原则；就算被认为是跳跃指代，很多读者也要琢磨半天去看which到底是不是指代river，而E没有歧义；gmat表达不就是考没有歧义的选项么

reallingling

According to United States census data, while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home.
  

 A.     while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home.

 A.     while there was about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home.

B.      there were about one-third of mothers with young children who worked outside the home in 1975; in 2000, almost two-thirds of those mothers were employed outside the home

C.     in 1975 about one-third of mothers with young children worked outside the home; in 2000, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home

D.     even though in 1975 there were about one-third of mothers with young children who worked outside the home, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in 2000

E.      with about one-third of mothers with young children working outside the home in 1975, almost two-thirds of such mothers were employed outside the home in 2000

其实个人认为D最大的问题在于 though的句型和逗号后面的句型，形式上不一致；无法满足一致关系；

raphael1234

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raphael1234

对于代词的指代非常崩溃啊...

斯咏

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