请教OG第230题

excellent

230. In reference to the current hostility toward smoking. smokers frequently expressed anxiety that their prospects for being hired and promoted are being stunted by their habit.
(A)In reference to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently expressed anxiety that
(B)Referring to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently expressed anxiety about
(C)When referring to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently express anxiety about
(D)With reference to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently expressed anxiety about
(E)Referring to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently express anxiety that

请问撇开时态和宾语从句不谈，开头处In reference to...和Referring to...是否都对？有什么区别？

谢谢！

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-1-12 14:04:37编辑过]

dreadpower

in reference to    是“关于”的意思

    refer to 提到

excellent

在这儿是否都对？请帮助解释！谢谢！

fucus

我想你应该好好去看 OG 的解释，这样对你帮助更大！

bigcamel

我认为从意思上来说, 都是可以的

excellent

fucus，我把OG解释看了已经3遍了，我问的问题都是它没有回答的！

turtlechen

OG 214 AnsD
it refers to someone              提及
it is applied in reference to someone 应用到关于
214.    Although the term “psychopath” is popularly applied to an especially brutal criminal, in psychology it is someone who is apparently incapable of feeling compassion or the pangs of conscience.
(A) it is someone who is
(B) it is a person
(C) they are people who are
(D) it refers to someone who is
(E) it is in reference to people
In choices A and B, the pronoun it simultaneously refers forward to someone (or a person) and backward to the term “psychopath.” As a result, the sentence asserts illogically that the term is actually a kind of person rather than a word referring to a kind of person. Choice C repeats this fault and adds an error in agreement: they (plural) does not agree in number with the term (singular). E omits a main verb, such as applied, that, in grammatical context here, is required after is. Also, the word people incorrectly shifts number from singular to plural. In choice D, the best answer, the verb refers is correctly used after it, and the alignment of pronouns and antecedents is both logical and grammatical.

OG 230 Ans E
in reference to hostility …smokers express anxiety…..这件事…    关于敌意，smokers焦虑
refer to hostility…smokers express anxiety….这件事      提及敌意，smokers焦虑

230.    In reference to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently expressed anxiety that their prospects for being hired and promoted are being stunted by their habit.
(A) In reference to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently expressed anxiety that
(B) Referring to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently expressed anxiety about
(C) When referring to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently express anxiety about
(D) With reference to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently expressed anxiety about
(E) Referring to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently express anxiety that
Choices A, B, and D inappropriately use the past tense verb expressed; only the present tense is logical here, since both the current hostility to which the smokers refer and the anxiety described in the clause their prospects... are being stunted clearly apply to the present. Furthermore, B, C, and D produce ungrammatical sentences by introducing this clause with the preposition about; the conjunction that is required to link anxiety with the clause that modifies it. Choice E, the best answer, correctly uses both the conjunction that and the present-tense verb express