一道久未解决的语法题

queenjie

T-9-27大全987-606

Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity.

(A) that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity

(B) of producing and understanding it have revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity

(C) by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity

(D) by which it is produced and understood have revealed great complexity rather than underlying simplicity（A）

(E) by which one produces and understands it have revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity

这道题的C选项究竟错在哪了？

daizypig

如果把processes by which...还原，则成了：

the language is produced and understood by the processes. 显然process是不能做produce 和understand的主语的。

其次，has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity 很awkward，unidomatic,不如has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity 好

tigercaiqun

not … but …意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列的名词、形容词、副词、短语或分句等。例如：

　　My bag is not black but red.

　　我的书包不是黑色的而是红色的。

　　He failed not because he isn’t clever but because he didn’t work hard.

　　他失败了，不是因为他不聪明而是因为他工作不努力.

而instead of 是介词词组,后面的underlying simplicity中underlying是动名词,.

 A: that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity,

是两个动作相比: 不是支持了简单,而是揭示了极大的复杂性.

C:
                by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity

not...but 连接的两个名词成分,共用一个动词revealed.

意思还是不同的,MM体会一下.

另外A用的主动语态,表明了施动者processes,而C是被动语态,没有表明施动者.

不知我说对没有,希望更好的解释.

queenjie

tigercaiqun 说的很有道理A: that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity,

是两个动作相比: 不是支持了简单,而是揭示了极大的复杂性.

C:
                by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity

not...but 连接的两个名词成分,共用一个动词revealed.

意思还是不同的,MM体会一下.

另外A用的主动语态,表明了施动者processes,而C是被动语态,没有表明施动者.我明白了