请教几道变态题

宇文东方

我在做XDF蓝皮书时遇到几道难题，望NN们指教

1、Building large new hospitals in the bistate area would constitute a wasteful use of resources, on the basis of avoidance of duplicated facilities alone.
(A) on the basis of avoidance of duplicated facilities alone
(B) on the grounds of avoiding duplicated facilities alone
(C) solely in that duplicated facilities should be avoided
(D) while the duplication of facilities should be avoided
(E) if only because the duplication of facilities should be avoided

答案选了E，为什么不能选C？

2、Freedma's survey showed that people living in small towns and rural areas consider themselves no happier than do people living in big cities.
(A) no happier than do people living
(B) not any happier than do people living
(C) not any happier than do people who live
(D) no happier than are people who are living
(E) not as happy as are people who live

答案是A，为什么用do不用are？

3、To read of Abigail Adams’ lengthy separation from her family, her difficult travels, and her constant battles with illness is to feel intensely how harsh life was even for the so-called aristocracy of Revolutionary times.
(A) To read of
(B) Reading about
(C) Having read about
(D) Once one reads of
(E) To have read of

to read of 怎么用？此题如果按平行考虑自然是A，但是read of 这种用法常见么？

4、Since chromosome damage may be caused by viral infections, medical x-rays, and exposure to sunlight, it is important that the chromosomes of a population to be tested for chemically induced damage be compared with those of a control population.
(A) to be tested for chemically induced damage be compared with
(B) being tested for damage induced chemically are compared with
(C) being tested for chemically induced damage should be compared to
(D) being tested for chemically induced damage are to be compared to

(E) that is to be tested for chemically induced damage are to be comparable with

此题选A，但是为什么是chromosomes be compared with?

望指教，谢谢！

sunshoes

说说我知道的吧

2  我想do refers to consider.所以不能用are

原句应是 people (living in big cities) consider themselves happy.

4 chromosomes of a population to be tested for chemically induced damage

是说 染色体 被和those of a control population 比较，自然是passive tense: be compared with

plato1983

第一题贴个OG的解释给你参考：Choices A and B are unclear and imprecise: on
the basis of avoidance… and on the grounds of avoiding … do not
present reasons that support the statement in the main clause, and alone
seems illogically to modify duplicated facilities. Also, duplicated facilities
in A, B, and C identifies the problem with the facilities that have been
duplicated, not with the act of duplicating facilities; for example, C
apparently advises people to avoid facilities that have been duplicated. In D, while
establishes no logical relation between the main clause and the rest of the sentence.
E is best: if only because introduces a reason for the preceding
statement, and the remainder of the answer choice is logically worded. The
question is difficult.
    

plato1983

第三题：Choice A is correct because the sentence must begin with a verb form
that completes the construction To… is to feel. Each of the other
choices breaks the parallelism in some way, and B and C substitute about
for of, the preferred preposition here. E begins with To, but have
read creates a disjunction of tenses by placing the action of reading in
the past while to feel is still in the present. The question is of
middle difficulty.

plato1983

第四题：Choice A is best because the infinitive to be tested and the
subjunctive be compared are correct for describing a hypothetical course
of action. Also, compared with rather than compared to is
preferred when a comparison is intended, as here with chromosomes, to reveal
differences among things of the same order. Choice B lacks the infinitive and
subjunctive forms, and damage induced chemically is more awkward than
the comparable phrase in A. C and D have being instead of to be
and to instead of with; also should and are to do
not belong in the subjunctive. E is wordy, are to again intrudes, and comparable
changes the meaning of the statement. This question is difficult.

plato1983

第二题也有：Choice A is correct. In B, C, and E, the phrases beginning with not
in place of no are wordy and unidiomatic. In D and E, the use of are
presents a verb substitution problem: are can not take the place of the
verb consider, as do can in A, because consider is
something that people do, not something that they are. D and E
thus fail to compare the attitudes of the two groups of people, referring
instead only to how those in small towns and rural areas consider themselves. E
also distorts the intended meaning by saying that people living in small towns
and rural areas consider themselves less happy than people living in big
cities. The question is of middle difficulty.

plato1983

做XDF的不如看OG了，有详细解释，时间多就做大全，注释还是很详细的

宇文东方

呵呵，OG11我看过了，XDF的题在大全里都有，所以做哪个都是一样的。谢谢plato的解释~~~