一些常考词用法（不断添加更新）

pigscanfly

Would rather

Would rather指自己的时候用现在时，当指除了主语以外的别人就用过去时

-          Would rather I do.

-          Would rather he/she/you did.

可以连接两个独立clause的连词：and, but, yet, for,or,nor

Because 不能用在句首

Know/teach/learn/show how

用副词而不是形容词修饰动词
    

一些词的用法比较：
    

Fewer  可数/ Less不可数

A number  of
   可数/Amount of不可数

Between两者比较/ Among两者以上比较

If在两个以上options里做选择/Whether两者择其一（在ＧＭＡＴ考试中，whether>If）

Compared to
   不同的东西作比较,强调两个不同的东西之间的相同处，有比喻的含义/ Compared with相似的东西做比较，可比较相似点或不同点

Eg:  We compare the hot girl to a summer day／I compare the fake diamond with the original.

句子主语为Each时，用单数/若Each跟在复数主语后面，谓语动词和后面的代词也要用复数

Three monks each drink….

Three monks, each of whom drinks……

Eg:  Although it claims to delve into political issues, television can be superficial such as when each of the three major networks broadcast exactly the same statement from a political candidate.

A.      Superficial such as when each of the three major networks 主谓不一致

B.      Superficial, as can sometimes occur if
   all of the three major networks

C.      superficial if the three major networks all

D.      superficial whenever each of the three major networks

E.       superficial, as when the three major networks each

A is wrong because each is singular here, so broadcasts would be needed instead.

B is awkward, if和can的用法不对。
    If all of the three major networks broadcast the same statement, television can (Will 才是对的) be superficial. 此外，all没有each好，each更能体现三个networks的独立性。

C的if也是莫名其妙。

D的错误和A一样，主谓单复数不一致。

E保持原文意思，主谓一致，as在这里是for instance 的意思，做副词，所以后面可以跟句子，否则一般跟名词。

*That/Which

That 是restrictive clause而which 是non-restrictive clause.

GMAT 在which前要用逗号分开。

Eg: Sales of United Sates manufactured goods to non-industrialized countries rose to $167 billion in 1992, which is 14 percent more than the previous year and largely offsets weak demand from Europe and Japan.

A.      Which is 14 percent more than the previous year

B.      Which is 14 percent higher than it was the previous year

C.      14 percent higher than the previous year’s figure

D.      An amount that is 14 percent more than the previous year was

E.       An amount that is 14 percent higher than the previous year’s figure

A和B错，因为which就近修饰1992，
    逻辑意思不通。 E才是正确的。

 当然也有例外，但是通常遇到的也是五个选项都是which前面不加逗号，所以不存在争议。
    

Eg.  Lucise in San Francisco is a place which anybody can visit.

A.      Which anybody can visit

B.      Which any person could visit

C.      Which no person could not visit

D.      Which, if they wanted to, any person could visit

E.       Which any person could visit if they so desired

遇到这类反常规的题目，心中记住选择BEST CHOICE，
    而不是正确的。

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：

If the person you are talking to, or the person who’s reading what you’ve written, needs that extra bit of information to know which noun you’re referring to, we say that that extra information is non-restrictive.  (Extra)

If you need that information to know which noun you are talking about, we say that the information is restrictive.  (Necessary)

用逗号将extra信息隔离，而restrictive clause则不需要.

待续~

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-12-22 10:56:06编辑过]

遥远的绿洲

谢谢楼主的分享!

pigscanfly

Being的用法

通常来说being在GMAT里一般出现在错误选项里。
            但是这个就是600和700分的差距了，

Being在以下情况是正确的：

1．I am afraid of being rude.

       I am afraid that I’ll be rude.

因为表达方式的不同，句子的侧重点也不一样。
            

In addition to being one of the most talented tennis players ever to play the game, John McEnroe is also one of the most controversial athletes.

这里in addition to 需要一个和后面对应的主谓结构，所以用being作名词。

2．With+名词+being+ 名词补助语…

There are many reasons to get back for further education, with increased career prospects being the most important for many people.

Eg: Framed by traitorous colleagues, Alfred Dreyfus was imprisoned for twelve years before there was exoneration and his freedom.

A.      There was exoneration and his freedom

B.      He was to be exonerated with freedom

C.      Being exonerated and freed

D.      Exoneration and his freedom

E.       Being freed, having been exonerated

这里正确答案是
            c. 如果选项里有he was exonerated and freed, 那么应该选这个，可惜没有，所以我们选C。
            

 

Because/ In that

Eg: Teratomas are unusual forms of cancer because they are composed of tissues such as tooth and bone not normally found in the organ in which the tumor appears.

A.      Because they are composed of tissues such as tooth and bone

B.      Because they are composed of tissues like tooth and bone that are

C.      Because they are composed of tissues, like tooth and bone, tissues

D.      In that their composition, tissues such as tooth and bone, is

E.       In that they are composed of tissues such as tooth and bone, tissues

Usual/ Is Usual

He is faster than is usual for any human being

He is faster than usual today

当于同类别内的别的东西作比较用is usual，

当和自己作比较用usual就可以了。

 

Can/Could

假设时用could

Eg: Artificial intelligence emerged during the late 1950’s as an academic discipline based on the assumption that computers are able to be programmed to think like people.

A.      Are able to be programmed to think like people

B.      Were able to be programmed to think as people

C.      Can be programmed to think as people can

D.      Could be programmed to think like people

E.       Are capable of being programmed to think like people do

Could 还用在表可能性，
            条件，
            建议，
            礼貌的要求。

Eg: John could be the one who stole the money.

      If I had more time, I could travel around the world.

      You could spend your vacation here

      Could I have sth to drink?

 

Like/As

强调两个名词用like

强调两个名词的动作用as

此外，通常用Just as代替in the same way that…

 

Like/Such as

在GMAT 里，like意思是和。。。相似，而such as指举例

Eg: Can you buy me some fruit like oranges or grapefruit?这里是说能不能帮我买些水果像桔子葡萄等的，而不是句子和葡萄。

      Can you buy me some fruit such as oranges or grapefruit?这里则是说能不能帮我买一些水果比如说桔子和葡萄。

Such as还可以拆开来用，I would like you to buy such fruit as oranges and grapefruit for me.

 

Not…but/Rather than

Eg: Daodao is not a cat but a dog.

      Not Sandy but Sue will be studying with us today.

Daodao is a cat rather than a dog.错，很明显，意思不通。

I want a cat rather than a dog. 正确。
            这里表达一种preference, cat over dog.

I need X, not Y=I need X but not Y=I need not Y but X

I need X rather than Y =I need X, but I don’t mean I need not Y. Just  to show preference.

 

Consider

1.       作为Regard as意思时，consider sth sth

Eg: Some students of literary criticism consider the theories of Blaine to be a huge advance in modern critical thinking and question the need to study the discounted theories of Rauthe and Wilson.

A.      To be a huge advance in modern critical thinking and question

B.      As a huge advance in modern critical thinking and question

C.      As being a huge advance in modern critical thinking and questioned

D.      A huge advance in critical thinking and question

E.       Are a huge advance in modern critical thinking and questioned

Because/On account of

GMAT里because>on account of

 

Chief of which/ chief among which

Jamieson’s proposal was rejected for several reasons, the chief among which was cost.

A.      The chief among which was cost

B.      Among which the chief was its cost

C.      The main one was cost

D.      The chief reason of which was its cost

E.       The chief of which was cost

When we refer to a member of a group, we use of.

 

Due to

Due to=Caused by

Eg: The game ‘s postponement was due to rain.

Does not mean “because of”

Eg: The game was postponed due to rain. 错误，应该改成because of rain.

 

Neither A nor B /either A or B就近原则，
                动词跟B。

Neither A or B, nor C

Not A or B, nor C

 

So ＋adj.＋ as to + verb

So 和as之间没隔离再ＧＭＡＴ里
            是错误的。　

（待续。。。）

pigscanfly

两道比较容易错的题目：

The central issue before the court was how far the regulatory agencies should go in requiring better working conditions in factories.

A. in requiring better working conditions in factories

B. as far as requiring better working conditions in factories

C. in their requirement that factories should have better working conditions

D. as far as requiring that factories should have better working conditions

E. to require factories to have better working conditions

A和E语法上都没问题，差别在意思上。 GMAT要求忠于原文，当然选A。

那A和E的区别在哪里呢？

A强调一个过程，在requiring的时候， how far should go.

E用不定时表示目标，How much should the agencies do to be able to require...

有很细微的差别，多读几遍体会一下。

Although about 99 percent of the more than 50 million Turks are Muslims, the republic founded by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1923 is resolutely secular.

A. Although about 99 percent of the more than 50 million

B. Although about 99 percent of over 50 million of the

C. Although about 99 percent of more than 50 million

D. Despite the fact that about 99 percent of more than 50 million

E. Despite the fact that about 99 percent of over 50 million

正确答案是A。

A和其他选项很大的一个区别是99 percent of the这里加了the。有the没the差别很大。

the more than 50 million是说世界上只有这么多Turks, 没有the就表示有可能有更多的Turks.