紧急求助

yinyincat

885 section1
1-7 Even today, a century after Pasteur developed the first vaccine, rabies almost always kills its victims unless inoculated in the earliest stages of the disease.
(A) its victims unless inoculated
(B) its victims unless they are inoculated
(C) its victims unless inoculation is done
(D) the victims unless there is an inoculation
(E) the victims unless inoculated
答案是b
a,e错在逻辑主语变成了rabies，那么c错在哪里？

1-17  During the nineteenth century Emily Eden and Fanny Parks journeyed throughout India, sketching and keeping journals forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had visited.
(A) forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had
(B) that were forming the basis of news reports about the princely states
(C) to form the basis of news reports about the princely states which they have
(D) which had formed the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had
(E) that formed the basis of news reports about the princely states they
 答案是e.a为什么错，分词和从句修饰名词的话，有什么区别？为什么这里要用从句而不能用分词?昨天在cd上查了很多相关的帖子，可是还是没有弄明白。

section 3
3-19 Federal legislation establishing a fund for the cleanup of sites damaged by toxic chemicals permits compensating state governments for damage to their natural resources but does not allow claims for injury to people.
(A) compensating state governments for damage to
(B) compensating state governments for the damaging of
(C) giving state governments compensation for damaging
(D) giving compensation to state governments for the damage of
(E) the giving of compensation to state governments for damaging
答案a
这里的d为什么不对？是因为 damage 后面只能加to,而不能加of 吗？

3-23  According to United States Air Force officials, a cannon shooting dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful to demonstrate what kind of damage can result when jets fly into a flock of large birds.
(A) shooting dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful to demonstrate
(B) shooting dead chickens at airplanes has proved itself helpful as a demonstration of
(C) shooting dead chickens at airplanes proves itself helpful as demonstrating
(D) that shoots dead chickens at airplanes proves itself helpful to demonstrate
(E) that shoots dead chickens at airplanes has proved helpful in demonstrating
同1-17，分词和从句的问题，答案是e,a 为什么不对

section 8
8-27 It is well known in the supermarket industry that how items are placed on shelves and the frequency of inventory turnovers can be crucial to profits.
(A) the frequency of inventory turnovers can be
(B) the frequency of inventory turnovers is often
(C) the frequency with which the inventory turns over is often
(D) how frequently is the inventory turned over are often
(E) how frequently the inventory turns over can be
答案是e,我选了d，不明白原因

问题比较多，恳请大家指教

yinyincat

怎么没人回答阿？国庆后就考了，请各位帮忙！

xfwxiao

其实你可以在置顶的帖子里下载一个大全解释(word format)，里面有解释，虽然解答有些小问题，但是还是有大帮助的。

如:

3-23:问题主要出在这里：helpful in doing something是习惯用法

8-27:that从句后面怎么可以跟一个疑问句呢？how frequently is the inventory turned over are often。

1-7 C:因为C没有讲清楚谁被注射疫苗,其实我个人认为B中的they虽然可以就近指代victims,但是也逃脱不了指代主句主语rabies的干系，尽管有in the earliest stages of the disease在后面说明问题.

1-17 1：要注意时态。前面的journeyed决定了后面的visited.不能用完成时have/had.

2：你所关心的ing分词/ed分词/that从句/which从句的修饰问题，一两句讲不清。

1）此题显现了一种区别，（引用大全解释）：“主句, doing1 +名词+doing2/done”, 这里doing2/done可认为即能修饰主句，又能修饰前面的名词。”解释一下：句尾的ing分词短语优先表伴随动作修饰主句主语（既：伴随主句主语的动作）或表伴随结果修饰主句（既：主语为原因，ing分词短语为结果，前面的所有情况导致了ing分词短语的发生），其次才是做定语修饰最近它的名词。这里的forming虽然不在句尾，但是它的作用也是一样。这种结构要尽量避免，除非根据逻辑关系，明显不会产生歧义，则可被接受。

2）另外，《白勇GMAT语法全解》P202关于这个问题的还有一个提法可以参考：ing分词短语作为定语强调动作的多次性、重复性和客观性，无明确的时间概念；定语从句强调动作的一次性、具体时间的具体行为。如OG11-75题目，选项A中为什么用that flourished 来修饰civilization,就是因为文明的繁荣应该发生在过去某一具体的时期。

3）最后一种提法：ing分词短语＝which从句引导的非限制定语从句，that引导的是限制性定语从句，两种从句的使用是有很大差别的（A):整体和局部的区别。非限制性定语从句的范围是先行词的全部，而限制性定语从句指的是先行词的部分。可参考OG11-review-107；（B)主要成分和次要成分的区别。具体来说ing分词短语＝which从句引导的非限制定语从句虽然是句子相关内容，但是次要成分，可以作为插入语从句子中剔除而不影响句子的意思；that引导的限制性定语从句则是句子的重要组成部分。这点在OG11的多个题目中有提到。例如:OG11-7/49。

语法书关于这点有很多论述，不过没有时间去研究了，上面这些我们就将就着用吧！

祝考试好运！

yinyincat

非常非常地感谢你！

刚刚才发现原来大全中的section1，2是对应有og解释的，查看了一下1-17，里面解释说forming不对，是因为forming 有可能产生和sketching，keeping并列的歧义，我想就是你说的第一点，既可以修饰主句的动作又可修饰前面的名词吧。

那么我是否可以这样总结一下:

如果不考虑其他语法错误，句中如果出现名词+doing/done，用来限定修饰之前那个名词的话，很有可能是会产生修饰之前主语或者主句动作的歧义的，不如名词+that限制性定语从句好。

限制性定语从句前面是没有逗号的，而且必须用that修饰。那么如果出现一个句子+逗号的情况，如前人总结，1）前后两个动作同时发生2）前面一个句子对后面的影响，因为which是不可以修饰前面整个句子的，所以后面肯定是分词形式，但是如果不是以上两种情况，逗号前面有个名词，那么逗号后用which的非限制性定语从句或者ing分词是不是都可以修饰这个名词？就比如1-17，sketching and forming,和journeyed是表示同时发生的动作，作为伴随状语修饰journeyed,  如果journals后面有个逗号，那么后面用forming，或者用which formed是不是都可以？

xfwxiao

1.我觉得OG的解释牵强，也许母语是英语的人士或者看书跳着看的人会有sketching and keeping journals forming 有三个动作并列的感觉，相反我们这些被ACT折磨着的人却是很仔细的注意到forming前面没有and怎么可能并列呢？我的第一感觉就是forming在修饰journals.

2.但是如果不是以上两种情况（伴随动作、伴随结果），逗号前面有个名词，那么逗号后用which的非限制性定语从句或者ing分词是不是都可以修饰这个名词？觉得你的理解是正确的。只要不出现逻辑上的歧义，名词，＋ing/ed/which似乎并没有很大的区别。随便说一句，ed分词在句末，白勇认为是优先修饰先行名词（不同于ing分词在句末优先表伴随）。

GMAT中的which不同于我们以前学的语法，它的功能是被削弱的。所以 1）不能指代前面所有的情况 2）就近指代