求教OG 183题

KATIEUS

以下是引用anyname在2005-2-13 8:01:00的发言：

为什么选keep it from不选keep from和avoid？ （一家之言，仅供参考。）

首先，“B keeps from doing sth” 和“B avoids doing sth”，语法上并没错，但要求“keep/avoid”和“doing sth”必须是同一主语B (所有“v.+v-ing”都这样）。如：

She can't keep from spending a lot of money in shopping. （she keeps and spends)
She can't avoid spending a lot of money in shopping. （she avoids and spends)

当其主语不同时，则须用B keep C from doing sth. 如下句：

She can't keep him from spending a lot of money in shopping. (she keeps and he spends)

回到这道题，是"（藏宝的人）to keep"，而"being stolen"的是"a chalice"，主语不同，就不能再用keep from/avoid doing sth，而用keep it from使being stolen的逻辑主语变成a chalice才对了。

总结：当遇到“v.+prep.+ doing”或 “v.+doing”时，先看v.和doing的逻辑主语是否一致，如果不一致，必须补宾语，不能假设读者能在上下文中找到v.和doing的各自的逻辑主语。
        

BTW，to be kept from不对，因为虽然这样a chalice可看成be kept from的逻辑主语，但并没有解决上述的双逻辑主语问题。同样的原因：The person buried a chalice to keep from being stolen by invaders.也是错的，虽然bury和keep的施动者一致。

dormousedzc

以下是引用anyname在2005-2-13 8:01:00的发言：

为什么选keep it from不选keep from和avoid？ （一家之言，仅供参考。）

首先，“B keeps from doing sth” 和“B avoids doing sth”，语法上并没错，但要求“keep/avoid”和“doing sth”必须是同一主语B (所有“v.+v-ing”都这样）。如：

She can't keep from spending a lot of money in shopping. （she keeps and spends)
She can't avoid spending a lot of money in shopping. （she avoids and spends)

当其主语不同时，则须用B keep C from doing sth. 如下句：

She can't keep him from spending a lot of money in shopping. (she keeps and he spends)

回到这道题，是"（藏宝的人）to keep"，而"being stolen"的是"a chalice"，主语不同，就不能再用keep from/avoid doing sth，而用keep it from使being stolen的逻辑主语变成a chalice才对了。

总结：当遇到“v.+prep.+ doing”或 “v.+doing”时，先看v.和doing的逻辑主语是否一致，如果不一致，必须补宾语，不能假设读者能在上下文中找到v.和doing的各自的逻辑主语。
        

BTW，to be kept from不对，因为虽然这样a chalice可看成be kept from的逻辑主语，但并没有解决上述的双逻辑主语问题。同样的原因：The person buried a chalice to keep from being stolen by invaders.也是错的，虽然bury和keep的施动者一致。

    

anyname 的说法完全赞同,对选出答案已经完全没有问题了,但是我对OG的修改方案存在非常大的疑惑:

OG说C. Pronoun it is needed for clarity.

如果加的是it,不就成了avoid sth doing这种结构么,该结构我闻所未闻.

只看见过avoid sth/doing sth.  我觉得这里明明应该加its  .加的是its 的话就应该属于avoid sth.这种结构

大家认为呢?   欢迎指教

miatu

以下是引用dormousedzc在2007-11-30 17:44:00的发言：

 

anyname 的说法完全赞同,对选出答案已经完全没有问题了,但是我对OG的修改方案存在非常大的疑惑:

OG说C. Pronoun it is needed for clarity.

如果加的是it,不就成了avoid sth doing这种结构么,该结构我闻所未闻.

只看见过avoid sth/doing sth.  我觉得这里明明应该加its  .加的是its 的话就应该属于avoid sth.这种结构

大家认为呢?   欢迎指教

I think the point here is the "subject". Because of this "it", you can tell that the original subject(chalice) is definitely not the subject that can make the chalice buried and keep the chalice from being stolen. If today's case were that chalice can bury itself to keep from being stolen, the sentence would be correct that "...was probably buried to keep from being stolen by invaders". But, as you know, chalice can hardly do that action, so here pronoun "it" is needed for clarity. In other words, here "it" implies that somebody, other than chalice itself, did that action to keep that chalice from being stolen.

Here are just  my 2 cents and hope they could be more of less helpful...

liyibai002

以下是引用mjiehu在2004-6-15 6:16:00的发言：

个人理解
keep from + 动词的ing形式
avoid + 名词

不同意上面的理解。
Longman字典上有清楚的解释：
avoid doing something
            
You should avoid over-spending in the first half of the year.
The refugees left to avoid getting bombed.

szy733

up

ricee

13楼和22楼的发言真精彩，很受启发。

而关于OG -“Moreover, avoid is used imprecisely in C and D because it illogically suggests that the chalice is acting to prevent its own theft.”我觉得选B的关键不在于keep和avoid会不会将chalice认作是逻辑主语的区别；而是B决定性地多了一个宾语it的缘故，MOREOVER这句话有干扰作用！

我是这样来记这道题的点，对于“s + do / is done + to + do (vt.)”

无论前面是主动还是被动,  vt.后面不加名词/代词，则默认宾语是发出动作的主语本身（注，此主语为动作的主语，而不一定是句子的主语），故而当vt.的宾语不同于发出动作的主语时，必须有宾语。
Chalice was probably buried to keep it from being stolen by invaders. -正确
Sb buried chalice to keep it from being stolen. - 正确
Sb buried chalice to keep from being stolen. - 错误

而至于，"sth be kept from being done" 有这样的说法，eg, The New Gnarls Barkley video was kept from being aired.
但be动词不可以作不定式to be形式，因为不定式表目的，物不可能主动发出有目的动作。所以，
即使改成：Chalice was probably buried to be kept from being stolen by invaders. - 错误

lulu_odin

norinfo

以下是引用dormousedzc在2007-11-30 17:44:00的发言：

 

anyname 的说法完全赞同,对选出答案已经完全没有问题了,但是我对OG的修改方案存在非常大的疑惑:

OG说C. Pronoun it is needed for clarity.

如果加的是it,不就成了avoid sth doing这种结构么,该结构我闻所未闻.

只看见过avoid sth/doing sth.  我觉得这里明明应该加its  .加的是its 的话就应该属于avoid sth.这种结构

大家认为呢?   欢迎指教

如果把doing看成一个完全名词化的动名词, avoid sth doing其实也应该常见吧, 或者更加正式的表达方式: avoid sth's doing. 比如OG中不是也有提到过because of living改为because of its living也是正确的吗?

我是这么理解的, 如果不定式是sb do(v.1) sth to do(v.2). 那后面的to do如果作状语表目的, 逻辑主语是主句主语, 如果是作宾语补足成分, 逻辑主语是之前的sth.

在这题中的结构是上述结构的被动形式, 从而变成了sth is done(v.1) to do(v.2). 这样, 在这个结构中, to do的逻辑主语在句中出现的就只能是sth, 因此, OG解释说, avoid is used imprecisely in C and D because it illogically suggests that the chalice is acting to prevent its own theft.

从逻辑语义上看, A和C由于没有指代chalice的it作avoid或者keep的宾语, 因此, 无法体现到底是谁作了to do的逻辑主语, 但是, 但是, 一旦用了it作宾语, 如B, 就将to do动作的执行者和承受者描述清楚了.

D选项中的it, 实际上指代的是chalice, 逻辑语义不对.

大家批判一下

renehan

keep from---
阻止;避开I kept the children from going out.我不让孩子们出去.
克制He couldn't keep from laughing. 他忍不住大笑.

"S+ be done to+ Vt+Pron. 如果S不是Vt的发出者而是Vt的宾语的话，就一定得加个S的代词，" 这个总结的真好啊.我来补充个例句吧.

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-30 15:16:26编辑过]

jessie0317

以下是引用chwayne在2004-6-15 22:40:00的发言：

这可是一道跨年度的讨论题，好佩服大家！！！

这种情况不止一次出现：看一下大全的854题的正确选项(E) can usually be modified to make them more effective drugs，与本题的结构用法完全一样：

S+ be done to+ Vt +Pron. 如果S不是Vt的发出者而是Vt的宾语的话，就一定得加个S的代词，这样Vt的逻辑主语和宾语都很清楚，如果不加这个代词就只能理解成S是Vt的动作发出者，所有5个选项中只有B将Vt的逻辑主语宾语交代清楚了，从而避免的歧义。

GOOD