OG11-104 黄皮书 请教 答案C同样有 修饰歧义？

罗马青年

104. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs,
   merging the  nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as  in nuclear reactors.

(A)         merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors

(B)         merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors

(C)        merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do

(D)        and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them
   apart, as is done in nuclear reactors

(E)         and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart

 

问个修饰的问题，把C代入答案，就没有修饰歧义吗？

merging 可以就近修饰bombs，也可以修饰Nuclear fusion，force？

造成修饰歧义！在其他题目中这种修饰被OG判错吧？这个答案也不是最好？

我一上来就通过修饰歧义排除了A、B、C，选了E！

请NN解答，何时分词可不就近修饰，而可以跳跃修饰？先谢谢了！

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-26 0:35:07编辑过]

Rohto

不是NN..路过的看一下，

我觉得这题题眼在比较，as/ like的用法，

我刚才误选了B,原因就是只注意到了形式对，没有注意到the basis of comparison is unclear.

C比较清楚地给出了比较结构，其实是Nuclear fusion(is the force that) powers the sun,..., as nuclear reactors do.

修饰语在这一题里用来第一步其实不太好判断，毕竟可以自圆其说修饰谁。

罗马青年

刚才想了半天，自我分析如下：

我的理解：核聚变是一种…….力量，合并原子核而不是分裂它们，就像核反应堆的作用一样。

是否因为前面是完整的一句话：

Nuclear fusion
                is the force
                that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs,

因此merging 不会就近修饰 bombs，而是修饰前面的主句主语
                Nuclear fusion .

nuclear reactors 是与Nuclear fusion 对比的，后面的 do 指的是 merge
            这种作用，在这点上两个比较对象具有相同点，因此后面只要补出助动词即可。如不省略，全句应该是：

Nuclear fusion
                is the force that……，merging ….., as nuclear reactors merge….

Hamiton

你想的太多了，请看我总结的以下规则，并在可以在你以后碰到的题中验证

 -ing和
            –ed 在句首：修饰主句主语，注意逻辑主语

    

 -ing 在句尾：
        1.伴随动作，修饰主句主语

                      2.表整个主句的结果，无主语

    

-ed 在句尾：
        一般优先就近修饰名词（做定语）

这里其实就是伴随动作，修饰主语Nuclear Fusion

    

Rohto

以下是引用罗马青年在2007-8-26 1:52:00的发言：

刚才想了半天，自我分析如下：

我的理解：核聚变是一种…….力量，合并原子核而不是分裂它们，就像核反应堆的作用一样。

是否因为前面是完整的一句话：

Nuclear fusion
    is the force
    that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs,

因此merging 不会就近修饰 bombs，而是修饰前面的主句主语
    Nuclear fusion .

nuclear reactors 是与Nuclear fusion 对比的，后面的 do 指的是 merge
   这种作用，在这点上两个比较对象具有相同点，因此后面只要补出助动词即可。如不省略，全句应该是：

Nuclear fusion
    is the force that……，merging ….., as nuclear reactors merge….

Nuclear fusion is the force that
   powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs,
merging the nuclei of atoms rather than
     splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do.

 我的理解是这样的: as nuclear reactors do. 这个do指得是power这个动作，而merging ..rather than splitting是对power这个动作的补充说明，作方式状语.

如果按照你上面的分析，do指代merge,会有两个问题，1. verb形式不对称，merge以分词形式出现；2. 如果真得指代merge, do指代仍有问题，merging...rather than splitting，指代不明

这句话分析一下结构 A (is the force that )do sth, doing1 and doing2, as B do., 主要加了一个判断句A be the force在里面使得结构不太清晰，完全可以把is the force that去掉，结构就会明显乐。

have a look at SC大全-81, 我原来问过的一题，其实和上面的结构很相似，

81.Although fruit can no longer grow once it is picked, it continues for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, similar to the way human beings breathe.
(A) similar to the way human beings breathe
(B) similarly to human beings who are breathing
(C) just like the breathing of human beings
(D) as human beings when breathing
(E) just as human beings do when they breathe
   

Although fruit can no longer grow once it is picked, it
     continues for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, just as human beings do when they breathe.

这题我还争了半天，我现在同意E也不错,(我问了一个老外，开始说E对，我郁闷了两天，好不容易接受了，又来了一封信说A,E都对，晕死。。不过目前我偏向E）

因为这里的do指前面的continue(to respire)这个动作, 我当时觉得do指代respire, as human beings respire when they breathe.啰嗦，我觉得这里我们大概犯了同一个小错误，我当时的错误理解是do指代了前面的respire，但是这里respire其实是不定式形式，而这种结构中do一定是指代主谓语动词(不是其他修饰成分的动词）的，as human beings continue to respire when they breathe还是make sense得，taking in oxgen and giving off carbon dioxide是对continues to respire的补充说明。

结构重现阿，OG真是个宝。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-26 17:31:58编辑过]

Rohto

另外分词的修饰，你可以看看白勇书里对应的一章+菜鸟总结的定语从句与分词，

n.+doing	这种情况下现在分词做定语，修饰前面的名词，和所修饰的词是主谓关系。 1.当动作是瞬间发生的动作的时候，用现在分词表示一个多次性，重复性和客观性，没有明确的时间概念一直延续发生的状态。 2.当动作是一个持续发生的动作的时候，其他和定语从句的修饰作用一样。 3.这种情况下的分词指向离他最近的名词，不能跳跃修饰。和非限制定语从句一样，它修饰的是前面先行词可能的所有情况. 4.当涉及到完成时态时，ing分词短语必须转化为定语从句。就是说，当出现having done的分词短语，必须改为which have done的定语从句。
A. n.,doing… B. doing                             ,                             n.+句子	A:1)一般这种情况是做主句的伴随状语，前一个分句是从整体上对后一个分句的宾语发生作用。(OG10-T39) 2）或者表示这个动作和主句的谓语动作同时发生 3）作定语修饰句子时，可以跳跃修饰前面句子的主语 B: 此时作状语，逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。	A.需要判断出前一个分句是从整体上对后一个分句的宾语发生作用。分词动作的逻辑主语就是前一个分句的整体。既不是前分句的主语也不是前分句的宾语，所以只可以使用伴随状语。 干扰选项： 1、 which引导的非限制性定语从句：GMAT语法中不允许which指代前面的整个分句 2、 不定式：不定式的逻辑主语是否是句子的主语 3、 介词宾语结构：介词宾语结构不如不定式，如果不是固定搭配最好不要用。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-8-26 7:18:00编辑过]

文明

天，一定是我真的说太多废话，老天让我的帖子丢了3回，晕

罗马青年，关于跳跃的问题，你去看看我在OG11-102跟在你后面的回帖吧，然后看看以下连接

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=109330&page=2

R妹，大全81那题，比较对象是行为，不是罐头水果跟人呀，注意逻辑意思的合理性哟。关于补出助动词的对应问题，你看看这个例子：

129.
                        In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vint­ners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell. and they are.
                

(A)  have been priced to sell, and they are

(B)  are priced to sell, and they have

(C)  are priced to sell, and they do

(D)  are being priced to sell, and have

(E)   had been priced to sell, and they have

In choice C, the best answer, do is correctly used in place of the full verb do sell; in this verb, do is a conjugated form and sell is in the infinitive form, corresponding to its previous use in the sentence (in the phrase priced to sell). In choice A, the omitted word is selling; in B, D, and E, it is sold. Neither of these forms corresponds properly to to sell earlier in the sentence. Also, in E, the past perfect had been priced signifies that the wines had been priced to sell before the prices were cut.

以上纯属偶之愚见，严重申请批评指正！

文明

两位同窗，OG11-45，不好在这里回帖，去到下面帖子去看看，给点见解出来

我觉得A是对，但是对于BCDE都没有自己可以理解的依据去判断它们错，最主要的困惑在于我认为这rather和instead在这几个选项里都是作为副词，不能理解OG说的（B、C、D）【rather/instead to come】does not complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically；还有（E）【instead coming】is ungrammatical

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=148994&page=2

Rohto

以下是引用文明在2007-8-26 10:59:00的发言：

天，一定是我真的说太多废话，老天让我的帖子丢了3回，晕

罗马青年，关于跳跃的问题，你去看看我在OG11-102跟在你后面的回帖吧，然后看看以下连接

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=109330&page=2

R妹，大全81那题，比较对象是行为，不是罐头水果跟人呀，注意逻辑意思的合理性哟。关于补出助动词的对应问题，你看看这个例子：

129.
      In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vint­ners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell. and they are.
    

(A)  have been priced to sell, and they are

(B)  are priced to sell, and they have

(C)  are priced to sell, and they do

(D)  are being priced to sell, and have

(E)   had been priced to sell, and they have

In choice C, the best answer, do is correctly used in place of the full verb do sell; in this verb, do is a conjugated form and sell is in the infinitive form, corresponding to its previous use in the sentence (in the phrase priced to sell). In choice A, the omitted word is selling; in B, D, and E, it is sold. Neither of these forms corresponds properly to to sell earlier in the sentence. Also, in E, the past perfect had been priced signifies that the wines had been priced to sell before the prices were cut.

以上纯属偶之愚见，严重申请批评指正！

First of all, 大全-81：http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=269211&replyID=&skin=1

我一直都认为是呼吸方式比，现在还是这样坚持 我接受了E, 因为continue to respire可以表示一种连续的状态，后面的taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide是对这个持续性动作的修饰，as human beings do(continue to respire) when they breathe, 呼吸方式的对比，make sense. 这样想的话E没有错；

其实我更喜欢A, 我觉得A简洁，但是目前我还没有在题目中看到similar to the way..的用法，而A do sth, doing1 and doing2..., as B do. , 已经一种SC中的框架结构了，所以姑且放着，以后有新的想法再说。

Rohto

以下是引用文明在2007-8-26 10:59:00的发言：

天，一定是我真的说太多废话，老天让我的帖子丢了3回，晕

罗马青年，关于跳跃的问题，你去看看我在OG11-102跟在你后面的回帖吧，然后看看以下连接

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=109330&page=2

R妹，大全81那题，比较对象是行为，不是罐头水果跟人呀，注意逻辑意思的合理性哟。关于补出助动词的对应问题，你看看这个例子：

129.
      In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vint­ners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell. and they are.
    

(A)  have been priced to sell, and they are

(B)  are priced to sell, and they have

(C)  are priced to sell, and they do

(D)  are being priced to sell, and have

(E)   had been priced to sell, and they have

In choice C, the best answer,
                        do is correctly used in place of the full verb do sell;
                    in this verb, do is a conjugated form and sell is in the infinitive form,
                    corresponding to its previous use in the sentence (in the phrase priced to sell). In choice A, the omitted word is selling; in B, D, and E, it is sold. Neither of these forms corresponds properly to
                            to sell earlier in the sentence. Also, in E, the past perfect had been priced signifies that the wines had been priced to sell before the prices were cut.

以上纯属偶之愚见，严重申请批评指正！

赞JJ，这一题是太好的例子，我早上刚好看到同一题OG11-yellow-81, 解释得没有这么详细。

这题考的是省略，省略的是(to) sell不定式，和A do, as B do/ as do B.的结构还不太一样，但是能从此题吸收到的营养是平衡对称的重要性。

...their wines are priced to sell, and they do.

补全省略they do sell their priced wines, 这里do的用法，类似于I do like you. 表示的强调，sell, like其实都是省略了to的动词不定式，省略的原则是因为重复所以省略，所以在上面的选项中只有C满足这个条件，A省略的selling, B,D,E-sold都不满足。

我觉得这题很好是因为它很好地解饰了动词简化(OG-11-104, 大全-81）和省略(OG-10-129)需要形式上的对等，特别在题目中有多个动词，多种动词形式的时候，把握这个原则就不会乱，同时也是个很好的解题点。

不好意思，我言语罗嗦，可能很多地方表述不清，见谅。