OG-56. 名词之间的关系？谢谢！

siebel

Architects and stonemasons与这个the Maya是什么关系？
同位, 还是定语？
谁是主语？
为什么在the Maya后面不加个逗号？
这个Architects and stonemasons在句中作何成分？
谢谢！

56. Architects and stonemasons, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport.
A.    huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya without benefit of the wheel or animal transport
B.    without the benefits of animal transport or the wheel, huge palace and temple clusters were built by the Maya
C.    the Maya built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel
D.    there were built, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, huge palace and temple clusters by the Maya
E.    were the Maya who, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, built huge palace and temple clusters
A, B, and D illogically suggest that the palace and temple clusters were architects and stonemasons. For the modification to be logical. Architects and stonemasons must immediately precede the Maya, the noun phrase it is meant to modify. A, B, and D also use the passive verb form were built, which produces unnecessary awkwardness and wordiness. E is awkwardly phrased and produces a sentence fragment, because the appositive noun phrase Architects and stonemasons cannot serve as the subject of were the Maya. C, the best answer, places the Maya immediately after its modifier and uses the active verb form built.

hexin

Architects and stonemasons是 主 语 the Maya的 同 位 语 ， 如 果 变 成 The Maya, architects and stonemasons, built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel.则 要 在 Maya后 加 ‘，’。 此 题 关 键 是 分 析 出 谁 是 主 语 。

siebel

以下是引用hexin在2003-4-21 3:26:00的发言：
Architects and stonemasons是 主 语 the Maya的 同 位 语 ， 如 果 变 成 The Maya, architects and stonemasons, built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel.则 要 在 Maya后 加 ‘，’。 此 题 关 键 是 分 析 出 谁 是 主 语 。

谢谢，hexin! 我也倾向于这么认为。The Maya, architects and stonemasons, built huge...... 这样子肯定没错，那为什么答案：
Architects and stonemasons, the Maya built huge......
The Maya后面不加逗号呢？同位结构也是要加逗号的吧？ex:
Hexin, my best friend, will graduate from HBS soon.

1stzhang

你分析的深了：
同位语可以分为限制性和非限制性的。限制性的同位语和他的前面名词关系比较紧密，形成一个整体，可以不用逗号分开。
We teachers have to be patient.
另外，有时同位语可以防到句子的前部，放在主语的前面，给以强调。
A mother of three children, she was always worked hard in her workshop.
在原句中Architects and stonemasons是同位语结构，the Maya 是主语
改成The Maya, architects and stonemasons, built huge palace and temple clusters without the benefit of animal transport or the wheel.也不错。只是没有强调Architects and stonemasons

hexin

哈哈, HBS如果录取我我就将就了算了，也别太不给面子了，奖学金嘛给不给都好商量，但是有一个条件，必须把siebel，my best friend，聘为懂事。
言归正传：
如果The Maya后面加了逗号，那么Architects and stonemasons就成了主语，The Maya成了同位语。记住：在主语和紧接着的谓语动词之间加逗号必错。但是中间插入同位语没问题。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-4-21 13:01:01编辑过]

siebel

谢谢hexin, 1stzhang, 明白了！看来同位语和主语相对位置还要加强。

谢谢！good luck!

roberto0220

e为什么错？可否看成是个倒装句？

atlantiswind

以下是引用roberto0220在2005-6-5 0:48:00的发言：

e为什么错？可否看成是个倒装句？

E的错误还是比较明显的，ETS的解释也说得很清楚啦，按E的句意就是“Architects and stonemasons是MAYA人”，这在逻辑上是不成立的。

如果是倒装的话，属于“表语＋系动词＋主语”的倒装，但是前提是主语和表语的逻辑关系是确定的且正确的。

E要是倒装，就像：

He is a pig.<->A pig is he.

丑得老婆哭

以下是引用atlantiswind在2005-6-5 1:12:00的发言：

E的错误还是比较明显的，ETS的解释也说得很清楚啦，按E的句意就是“Architects and stonemasons是MAYA人”，这在逻辑上是不成立的。

如果是倒装的话，属于“表语＋系动词＋主语”的倒装，但是前提是主语和表语的逻辑关系是确定的且正确的。

E要是倒装，就像：

He is a pig.<->A pig is he.

楼上的例子举的不对。如果E是倒装。

还原回来应该是：the Maya were Architects and stonemasons who, without the benefit of the wheel or animal transport, built huge palace and temple clusters
此时这个who的指代就很是ambiguous的。如果将who引导的定从于“The maya”一起倒装，就过分了啊句子。。。