As 比较用法大全 -最新总结

dangdddddd

As 作为连词，意思是“和。。。一样”“正如”，用于比较。
As 还可以做副词（修饰形容词），意思是“同样地”“一样"
As还可以做介词，意思是“作为”，或者“和。。。一样”（这种情况下同like，但like一般置于句首）

例1：He works as a farmer. (介词，“作为”)

例2：he is as old as me           (第一个副词，修饰old；第二个as个人认为是介词，后加宾语me)

例3：he is as old as I am. (第二个毫无疑问是连词)

个人总结的语法规律就是：

如果As做连词引导从句用于比较，as两边句子的结构必须一致。
如例3中的he is <--> I am ，又如

A do, as B do,

A will, as B did ten years ago ,

以及OG11中的73，
    as it was of earlier generations.

(能省略的只有the goals, it 和was都不能省略,OG解释同样强调了这一点)

从此引申开来，the sam A as  B 句式中，A 和B的架构也必须一致。如
OG12,  the same “to them” as “ to established big business”

OG54,  the same “to someone” as “ to a person”

OG 109, the same  “for jobs….” as “for jobs….”

但是，还有唯一的特例，
当被比较的成分仅仅是句子的主语时，也就是说其它的内容（包括谓语，宾语，状语等）完全相同，这时候可以把as当作介词来用，实现最大程度的省略。
如上例2，或者he is at the same age as me.

个人认为这就很好的解释了OG-80为什么可以用
     at the same time as the civilizations，而不是at the same time as did the civilizations.

（不然很难解释as做连词时到底什么时候可以省略而什么时候不可以省略）

此外，还有常见的 as that for …，也属于这种情况。

（没有来得及找例子，请大家补充，如果that指代的内容在前句是主语，则印证了这种说法，否则请大牛指点，为什么OG173不能用, as that for earlier generations?）

再延伸一下，
     OG-174,

下面的几种说法就是正确的，

A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn published, ……（中间不加be动词，和前文一致）

或者A letter by Mark Twain, written in  the same year that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published, ……

在这里用that而不是as更好，因为本身前文就不构成一个句子，而是一个短语（主语成分）。

如果单独组句的话，下句也是对的，

A letter by Mark Twain was written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published.

但是不推荐A letter by Mark Twain was written in the same year that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published.，因为既然是句子，最好照顾到 the same… as … 的固定搭配。

以上总结妥否，请指教。

(faint, it took me 5 hours working on this!!! hope it's of information to you.....) 

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-6-16 20:23:26编辑过]

qqort

谢谢楼主啦!

另外想问问像A as。。。as B这样的比较句子，A,B是否必须是同种事物？我看过一个是把city和civilization做比较，中间用more ancient than，觉得这两者不同啊，为什么可比呢？

dangdddddd

相比较的两个东西不必是同类事物，只要有可比较的共同/不同点就行。

crowkiller

谢谢楼主的总结。提供一个关于比较的好帖子做参考：

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&replyid=1034816&id=103101&page=1&skin=0&Star=1

另外关于比较结构的动词补出问题，有一点小小的看法和大家讨论：

1）在主谓宾完整的结构中，主语比较的情况下，通常是要补出后面的动词：(请看上面的这个帖子有非常完整的论述）

即A do, as B do,  此时即使是前后只是主语比较，谓语，状语，宾语一样，也需要补出动词：

OG 199:

Because the Earth's crust is more solid there and thus better able to transmit shock waves, an earthquake in the eastern United States will (typically devastate an area 100 times ) greater than will
                    a quake of comparable magnitude occurring in the West

2）而在没有宾语的情况下，(通常是主谓状如OG80:或者 主系表结构），进行主语的比较不用补出动词。

主谓状：OG80:

the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.

at the same time 做 时间状语，the site of an ancient civilization  和 the civilizations in the Nile delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates. 比较。此时的动词不用补出。

主系表结构：

he is as old as me / he is older than me  我觉得比 he is as old as I am / he is older than i am  要更加简洁, 更合理。

关于1）和2）两种情况一个补出一个不补的原因，我是这样考虑：

对于1），由于通常宾语离比较词 （ as.. as / more than) 更近，如果不补出动词，容易造成前面的宾语和后面的主语（同为名词词性）比较的混淆。所以补出动词强调是主语比较。

对于2） 比较词 前面是表示主语/谓语 性质的 状语或者表语，词性和后面的主语的名词词性不一样，不会造成混淆。这种情况下越简洁越好，动词可以省略。

个人意见， open to discuss...

dangdddddd

嗯，有道理。比较赞同如下说法：

对主谓宾全的句型主语比较： A do sth than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比） 介宾比较 A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2.（C1C2，D1D2对等名词） 宾语比较 A do C1 than C2.(C1C2为对等名词） 状语比较A do sth than usual/everbefore/people expected(直接加状语） ETS就这几下子，原则就是清楚地指示什么跟什么比。

按照这个原理，对下一种句型只有主谓，没有宾语的句子，因为没有宾语，只可能有主语比较，因而不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语，所以其比较形式如下： I eat faster than you.注意与下句区别 I eat apple faster than you do
        如果写成 I eat apple faster than you 按ETS的理解，从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。

谢谢！

遥远的绿洲

欢迎大家热烈讨论 呵呵

dangdddddd

"he is as old as me / he is older than me  我觉得比 he is as old as I am / he is older than i am  要更加简洁, 更合理。"

问题的关键是我们不能够说“he is as old as I"

也就是说as在这里确实是介词，而不是连词+省略的形式。

同理推到OG-80,as的词性也应该为介词。

可以说
                    I eat as fast as him. 但是不能说 I eat as fast as he，

BTW，

我们应该说I eat faster than he 还是
                                    I eat faster than him呢?

是否正确，请指教

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-6-17 23:23:35编辑过]

crowkiller

以下是引用dangdddddd在2007-6-17 23:16:00的发言：

"he is as old as me / he is older than me  我觉得比 he is as old as I am / he is older than i am  要更加简洁, 更合理。"

问题的关键是我们不能够说“he is as old as I"

也就是说as在这里确实是介词，而不是连词+省略的形式。

同理推到OG-80,as的词性也应该为介词。

可以说
     I eat as fast as him. 但是不能说 I eat as fast as he，

BTW，

我们应该说I eat faster than he 还是
         I eat faster than him呢?

是否正确，请指教

呵呵，刚刚查了一下薄冰英语高级语法：

书上的例句：Page413:  He's as tall as I .( 在口语中 用 me ). ==> 也就是说这种比较的书面说法还是用Ｉ，as 在这里还是做连词。

同理对于 I eat as fast as him 也是口语说法，书面说法还是 I eat faster than  he.

个人意见：

1）比较结构中首先的原则还是对等，包括词性，成分，数，意思，结构的对等等。而我们看到的以上各种看起来奇奇怪怪的比较现象是由于追求表达简洁而省略相同的成分造成的。也就是说 as...as / more than 结构的前后省略成分补全之后看到应该是完整的句子，从这一点看，than / 和 as... as 中第二个as 都是做连词的。

假设在 He is as tall as him.  中 as 做介词，和as him 形成介宾结构，按照比较对等原则，她前面无法补出逻辑结构合理的成分作对等比较。而按照上面的语法书上的说法as 做连词 He is as tall as I 就很好补全理解了。

2）as 做介词通常时表示作为的意思，而不用来比较。

例如：A large flat stone was used as a table.

Open to discuss...

crowkiller

此外，还有常见的 as that for …，也属于这种情况。（没有来得及找例子，请大家补充，如果that指代的内容在前句是主语，则印证了这种说法，否则请大牛指点，为什么OG173不能用, as that for earlier generations?）

关于 as that 的问题，我在 OG10thSC 只找到两处，而且都是作为错误答案出现：

OG 51. While Jackie Robinson was a Brooklyn Dodger, his courage in the face of physical threats and verbal attacks was not unlike that of Rosa Parks, who refused to move to the back of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama.

(A)            not unlike that of Rosa Parks, who refused

(B)            not unlike Rosa Parks, who refused

(C)            like (Rosa Parks and her refusal

(D)            like that of Rosa Parks for refusing

(E)            as that of Rosa Parks, who refused

OG 解释：Choice E incorrectly uses as rather than like to compare two noun phrases. 

60. According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, like that of earlier generations.

(A)  like that of earlier generations

(B)   as that for earlier generations

(C)  just as earlier generations did

(D)  as have earlier generations

(E)   as it was of earlier generations

OG 解释：Choices A and B lack a verb corresponding to is and a clear referent for that (that 指a goal or a majority 不是很清楚).
         

在OG 中反复强调在as 单独引导比较从句时，一定要用完整的主谓结构，此时as 明显是连词。

欢迎继续讨论。。。。

(A)  like that of earlier generations

(B)   as that for earlier generations

(C)  just as earlier generations did

(D)  as have earlier generations

(E)   as it was of earlier generations

OG 解释：Choices A and B lack a verb corresponding to is and a clear referent for that (that 指a goal or a majority 不是很清楚).
         

在OG 中反复强调在as 单独引导比较从句时，一定要用完整的主谓结构，此时as 明显是连词。

欢迎继续讨论。。。。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-6-18 0:18:24编辑过]

crowkiller

晕，怎么老是出这种重复贴的问题，还编辑不了，请版主帮忙吧。。。。