介词或介词短语+ing分词
如：in addition to, in, by, without, besides +doing..., 句子
在句首时，逻辑主语=句子主语
在句中或句尾时，逻辑主语可能是句子主语，也可能不是。
OG-19
In addition to having more protein -than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.
(A) the protein in rice is higher quality than that in
(B) rice has protein of higher quality than that in
(C) the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in
(D) rice protein is higher in quality than it is in
(E) rice has a protein higher in quality than
R：（B）By making protein the noun modified, choices A, C, and D illogically compare wheat with protein and claim that the protein in rice has more protein than wheat does.
B, the best choice, logically compares wheat to rice by placing the noun rice immediately after the initial clause.
介词或介词短语+n.
在句首时，逻辑主语可以不是句子主语。
见GMATprep SC:
37. In addition to her work
on the Miocene hominid fossil record, Mary Leakey contributed to archaeology with her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstakingly documenting East African cave paintings.
A. Leakey contributed to archaeology with her
discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstakingly documenting
B. Leakey contributed to archaeology by her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and by painstakingly
documenting
C. Leakey was a contributor to archaeology with her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and with her painstaking documentation of
D. Leakey’s contributions to archaeology include
her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and her painstaking documentation of
E. Leakey’s contributions to archaeology include her discovering the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstaking documentation of
A: her discovery和painstakingly documenting不平行
B: by her discovery和by painstakingly documenting不平行
C: contributor改变原文意思；
D: correct
E: painstaking documentation和discovering不对称
注意：and前后的平行
In addition to her work on the Miocene hominid fossil record, Mary Leakey contributed to archaeology through her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and through her painstaking documentation of East African cave paintings.
A. Mary Leakey contributed to archaeology through her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and through her painstaking documentation of
B. Mary Leakey contributed to archaeology by her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstakingly documenting
C. Mary Leakey was a contributor to archaeology by discovering the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and with her painstaking documentation of
D. Mary Leakey's contributions to archaeology include her discovery of the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstakingly documenting
E. Mary Leakey's contributions to archaeology include her discovering the earliest direct evidence of hominid activity and painstaking documentation of
A: correct
B: her discovery和painstakingly documenting不平行
C: by discovering和with her painstaking documentation不平行；contributor改变原文意思；
D: her discovery和painstakingly documenting不平行
E: discovering和painstaking documentation不平行
注意：in addition to A, B … A和B不一定是同一类事物
总结：介词结构在句首时，逻辑主语不一定是句子主语。
分两种情况：
介词＋N.， 逻辑主语不一定是句子主语。介词＋分词，在句首时，逻辑主语=句子主语。
介词＋分词，在句首时，逻辑主语=句子主语。
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发表于 2007-1-3 21:17:00
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