关于GMAT文章的连接词以及句式变换的问题

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ISSUE题目类型分类

一、 概括性陈述类：
1、 直接表明立场并给出论据进行阐述：94
2, 6-9, 11, 13-17, 20-22, 24-28, 30-34, 36, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 54, 55, 59-61,
63-68, 70-72, 74-76, 81, 84-89, 92-94, 96-104, 106-117, 119-127, 130, 132, 134-136,
2、 对概括性陈述进行解释后，表明立场并给出论据进行阐述：7
4, 32, 56, 58, 77, 79, 83,
3、 对概括性陈述的正确性或有效性进行判断，给出论据进行阐述：7
12, 18, 35, 38, 52, 57, 80,
4、 特殊问法类型：6
29: 进行解释后，判断是否值得遵循，同2类
50: 判断是否是有效的方法，如果不是应该采取那些其他的方法？
53: 从客户角度论述“用户友好”和“用户不友好”
73: 判断是否是好的建议，给出论据进行阐述，同1类
62, 82：同1类

二、 两类进行比较类：23
3, 5, 10, 19, 23, 37, 40, 43, 46, 48, 69, 78, 90, 95, 105, 118, 128, 129, 131, 133, 138-140,

三、 “是否”做某事类：2
1, 137

***ISSUE题目专题分类***
一、 Environmental Protection & Energy Protection: 6
1、 responsibility for preserving the natural environment: 13
responsibility for preventing environmental damage: 47
2、 the way to preserve environment: 41
3、 the response to suspected environmental hazards:
(1) in light of company: 42
(2) in light of government: 92
4、 energy protection and international corporation: 2

二、 Architecture: 4
1、 architecture as the reflections of societal valuess and attitudes: 16, 83, 97,
2、 the historic values of older buildings: 78

三、 Mass media, Information, and Entertainment: 5
1、 whether the growth of mass media is good or not: 139
2、 how to obtain the information efficiently and wisely: 108
3、 the restriction:
(1) censorship of radio and TV programs: 1
(2) regulate children's access to adult material on the internet: 15
4、 whether popular entertainment is overly influenced by commercial interests: 54

四、 Success: 10
1、 the definition of success: 6
2、 the elements of success:
(1) education as the key to success: 12, 103
(2) hard work as the key to success: 49
(3) focusing on the task rather than the result: 29
3、 how to succeed:
(1) in light of person: setting goals: 52
(2) in light of business: conformists or non-conformists: 81
4、 the relation of success and personal failure: 11
5、 the relation of professional success and personal sacrifices: 39
6、 children's growth: self-discipline vs. self-esteem: 95

五、 Advertising: 6
1、 advertisements as reflections of a nation's ideas: 32
2、 advertising as influence art: 85
3、 advertising: appeal to emotion vs. reason: 86
4、 should school teach consumerism because businesses use high-quality advertising to
sell low-quality products: 28
5、 whether investment in high-quality advertising can sell almost any product and service: 44
6、 do companies and organizations have right to contact potential customers and donors
whenever and however they wish: 135

六、 Education: 9
1、 what should our schools teach?
(1) academic skills vs. ethical & social valuess: 23
(2) science & technology vs. art & humanities: 37
(3) specialized information & techniques vs. general approach to learning: 123
(4) factual information & skills vs. ethics: 136
2、 educational method and system:
(1) educational method: distance learning vs. traditional way: 99
(2) educational system:
competition: 100
unity vs. diversity: 62
highly structured environment vs. relative freedom and spontaneity: 140
3、 after-school education: 126

七、 Automation & Technology: 4
1、 the role of automation in our lives: 20
2、 technology and adjusting to job obsolescence: 87
3、 technology: separate people vs. bring people together: 115
4、 advancements in technology and business lead to better life: 112


八、 Studying history: 2
1、 the importance of studying history: 43
2、 studying history: a waste of time? : 89

九、 Advice: 3
1、 giving advice to other people: 7
2、 "following one's instincts." is good advice or not: 73
3、 tell people what to do, never tell people how to do: 55

十、 Social Problems: 3
1、 crimes
(1) business' social duty regarding juvenile crimes: 59
(2) how to stop serious crimes: 127
2、 the problems caused by cars: 102

十一、 Historical Sites and Archeological Treasures: 2
1、 how to protect archeological treasures- remain in the country vs. export to other country: 106
2、 how to protect historical sites: restrict vs. free: 138

十二、 Learning Society & Measuring Nation's values: 2
1、 learning society: observing people's leisure time vs. observing their work time: 131
2、 measuring a nation's values: scientific achievement vs. business success: 105

十三、 About Government: 5
1、 the relationship of company and government:
(1) government as a necessary burden on business: 61
(2) government should not be responsible for regulating businesses and other organizations: 131
2、 government's responsibility for art:
(1) government's responsibility regarding the arts: 22
(2) government provide funds only for the arts that reflect the valuess and attitudes of the majority:
117
3、 what should government increase spending on: 114

十四、 Bureaucracy: 2
1、 government bureaucracy: 63
2、 bureaucracy's impact in business and government: 46

十五、 About Human Beings: 15
1、 what makes people impressed
(1) restraint in the use of power: 4
(2) rule-breaker: 74
2、 what motivate people: self-interest and fear: 75
3、 respecting one another's difference: 57
4、 our saving and borrowing habits: 80
5、 our role as citizens of the world: 40
multinational corporations and global homogeneity: 65
6、 accepting blame for hated actions and words: 88
7、 loyalty to political parities and leaders hinders the people's ability to form their won opinion:
119
8、 people soon tire of the status quo: 113
9、 accepting or rejecting an idea: presentation vs. merit: 122
10、 the test for genius: 77
11、 immediate desires and long-term needs: 104
12、 man and woman:
(1) meeting women's needs in workplace: 82
(2) in business, men and women have learned how to share power effectively: 98

十六、 Relationship of Work and Personnel Life: 3
1、 employee's personnel lives: as separate as possible from workplace: 9
2、 should employees take work home with them: 30
3、 how work affects our personal lives: 67

十七、 Leaders & Leadership: 5
1、 power and influence: business vs. government: 24
2、 earning respect as a leader: 33
3、 the qualifications as a leader:
(1) decision-making: 76
(2) maintaining the highest ethical standards: 111
(3) solving problems by simple, immediate solutions: 125

十八、 About Products: 5
1、 process vs. products: 10
2、 products liability: 66
3、 ethical constraints in creating and marketing products: 70
4、 informing customers about products and services: 84
5、 manufacturing products that do not last can reduce costs and stimulate demand: 90

十九、 Business & Commerce: 4
1、 the final objective of business: 58
2、 the secret of business: 56
3、 imposing limits on commercialism: 71
improving practice unethical: refusal to buy vs. legislative action: 101

二十、 About Management and Business: 36
1、 organization
(1) hierarchical vs. flat: 3
(2) the importance of a clear hierarchy: 14
2、 company's goal and social duty:
(1) making money vs. serving society: 18
(2) profit vs. public welfare: 64, 118
(3) ethical business conduct and maximizing profits: 45
3、 recruitment:
(1) hiring criteria for entry-level jobs: 19
(2) accessing personality traits in hiring employees: 48
(3) objective information vs. subjective interview: 130
4、 the factors of business:
(1) location: still the key to business success: 26
(2) job satisfaction and security: 27
(3) short-term thinking as a business disease: 35
(4) hiring capable people as a key business strategy: 25
(5) is competition good for a business: 51
(6) giving employees as much freedom as possible: 94
(7) moving job frequently: 124
5、 how to improve the employee's efficiency:
(1) rewarding employees: job performance and tenure: 21
(2) responding to employee performance: 50
(3) effects of employee incentives: 72
6、 who are important in a company:
(1) most valuable employees: efficiency vs. quality: 128
(2) managers with strong leadership skills vs. managers with expertise and work experience: 133
7、 the factors of efficiency:
(1) workplace design and employee input: 68
(2) formality in dress and behavior: 121
8、 the relationship of managers and employees:
(1) employee's loyalty: 93
(2) employees should not be asked to provide evaluation of their supervisor: 134
personnel evaluation: multidirectional: 110
9、 teamwork and personal ability:
(1) sharing decision-making: 5
(2) teamwork vs. individual energy and commitment: 36
10、 the best way to assign work: 107
11、 advice of outside experts vs. advice of inside highly experienced employees: 129
12、 children employees: 96
13、 employees participate in profit-making decision: 116
14、 the privacy of employees:
(1) access to personal information about employee: 60
(2) employees should not have full access to their personal files: 109
15、 employees use email to express their opinions about the company: accept vs. prohibit: 137

二十一、 Others:
1、 monetary system: 8
2、 financial gain as a factor in choosing a career: 31
3、 time management and flexibility: 17
4、 potential benefits of mandatory public services: 34
5、 everyday courtesy as an endangered art: 38
6、 user-friendly: 53
7、 social skills as purchasable commodities: 79

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-10-16 16:30:46编辑过]

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新增ＩＳＳＵＥ题目写作提纲
http://superwriter2000.vip.sina.com/GmatNewIssuesOutlines.htm

New Issues Outlines
By Sunyuan
http://superwriter2000.vip.sina.com/

1. Whether in politics or in business, leaders of any group need to understand that learning to compromise is ultimately more important than winning.

Position: It is true that effective leadership depends more on compromising than on winning.
A. Political decisions in a democratic society are often the result of a compromise between various interest groups.
B. The best way for a business leader to win in a transaction is to compromise.

2. Constant innovation and change within an organization are as likely to damage the organization as they are to improve it.

Position: Constant innovation within an organization is a double-edged sword, which could either improve or damage the organization.
A.On the one hand, an organization that refuses to adapt itself to the constantly changing environment are sure to decline in the end.
B.     On the other hand, an organization that changes too frequently might find it difficult to coordinate its various departments.
C.Successful leadership has a lot to do with handling the pace of innovation within an organization.

3. Government should place stricter limits on the ability of businesses to invade citizens’ privacy through telemarketing, e-mail, advertising, collection of personal information on consumers, and so on, even if those limits affect businesses’ profitability and competitiveness.

Position: There is no need for the government to take special measures to prevent businesses from invading their potential customers’ privacy.
A.Businesses should have the freedom to market their products and services as long as they stay within the law.
B.We can trust the invisible hand of the market for regulating the advertising behavior of businesses.
C.Failing to respect the privacy of customers would ultimately harm the interests of businesses.

4. Companies should recruit and reward employees more for their enthusiasm and willingness to contribute to the mission of the organization than for their knowledge and skills.

A.Admittedly, nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
B.However, the fundamental criterion of recruiting or rewarding employees should be their actual contributions to the company.
C.The best employees are those who have both expertise and enthusiasm.

5. Previous failure in some enterprise is essential if one is to become a successful leader.

Position: Success is failure with the dirt brushed off.
A.Experiencing failure strengthens one’s stamina and courage, two important qualities that enable one to confront challenges in the future.
B.Failing is also an inevitable process through which we learn to be wiser.

6. The type of leadership that an organization needs (be it a college, a country, or a business, for example) depends largely on whether the organization is stable in crisis.

Position: The real challenge to the leadership of an organization is how to avoid crisis rather than how to maintain stability in crisis.
A.Undoubtedly, one who can keep the stability of an organization can be trusted as an effective leader.
B.However, a more important quality of a leader is to remain alert against crisis and to make sure that his organization stay on the safe road.
C.What is just as challenging to a leader is to turn crises into opportunities and failure into success.

7. Highly skilled employees who are ambitious, self-motivated, and self-sufficient are more likely to be harmful than beneficial in an organization based on teamwork.

Position: It is a misconception that an ambitious, self-motivated, and self-sufficient person cannot play a constructive role within a team.
A.First, people without ambitions do not qualify as competent members of a dynamic team.
B.In addition, self-motivation gives each member of a team the enthusiasm to do his or her best job.
C.Finally, self-sufficiency or self-reliance enables the members of a team to take their own responsibilities, which is a prerequisite of any cooperation.

8. An explicit and enforced set of values is crucial to the success of any company or other type of organization.

Position: A company or any other type of organization depends largely on the creating and maintaining a constructive corporate culture.
A.To begin with, an organization should make sure that all its members understand clearly its mission and rules of behavior.
B.In addition, the organization should make efforts to enforce its values.
C.The members’ sharing of a common set of values contributes to the organization’s cohesion and efficiency.

9. An organization cannot make real progress unless all its members share a common set of values rather than make decisions that are guided by their own values and beliefs.

Position: A company or any other type of organization depends largely on the creating and maintaining a constructive corporate culture.
A.To begin with, an organization should make sure that all its members understand clearly its mission and rules of behavior.
B.In addition, the organization should make efforts to enforce its values.
C.The members’ sharing of a common set of values contributes to the organization’s cohesion and efficiency.

10. In today’s rapidly and unpredictably changing world, attempting to learn from the past is no longer the wisest strategy.

Position: Besides learning from the past, there is no better way to confront the present challenges.
A.A common misconception is that the past is dead and no longer relevant to the present.
B.However, in business schools, the most effective way of learning is still case studies.
C.One who remains ignorant of what occurred before he was born is to remain always a child.

11. The most important quality for a leader of an organization to have is not the ability to plan, to organize, and to solve problems but rather the ability to communicate the organization’s mission and to inspire people to work toward fulfilling that mission.

Position: True, what is especially lacking today among leaders is the ability to motivate people to devote themselves to the mission of an organization.
A.A leader can hire experts to plan, to organize and to solve problems.
B.What nobody can help the leader to do is to communicate effectively the organization’s mission to every member of the organization.
C.What is just as challenging is to motivate people to work enthusiastically for the fulfilling of that mission.

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-10-16 16:51:28编辑过]

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