请教2道lsat题和1道OG/lsat-17-3-21,lsat-17-4-23,OG-188

freegirl

lsat-17-III-21

21. The energy an animal must expend to move uphill is proportional to its body weight, whereas the animal's energy output available to perform this task is proportional to its surface area. This is the reason that small animals, like squirrel, can run up a tree trunk almost as fast as they can move on level ground, whereas large animals tend to slow down when they are moving uphill

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the explanation above depends?

(A) The amount of energy needed to move uphill is no greater for large animals that it is for small animals.

(B) Small animals can move more rapidly than large animals can.

(C) The ratio of surface area to body weight is smaller in large animals than it is in small animals.

(D) There is little variation in the ratio of energy output to body weight among animals.

(E) The amount of energy needed to run at a given speed is proportional to the surface area of the running animal.


Answer is C. Could you please give me a math formula about the relationship? 晕！
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lsat-17-IV-23

23. Mr.Blatt: Expert consultants are sought after by management because they help executives make better decisions. That is why they are worth the substantial fees they charge.

Ms. Fring: Nonsense. Expert consultants are hired in order to enable executives to avoid responsibility. The more the experts cost, the more they can be blamed when things go wrong.

Which one of the following, if it occurred, would be the strongest evidence favoring Ms.Fring's position over Mr. Blatt's position?

(A) A company that is trying to decide whether to move its manufacturing plant hires an expensive expert to conduct a cost/benefit analysis.

(B) Two competing companies faced with very similar problems adopt different solutions.

(C) A successful firm of expert consultants seeks to increase its volume of business by reducing its fees, but its volume of business drops.

(D) An expert consultant builds up a successful business by charging clients a substantial percentage of the amount an independent assessor judges that the consultant saved the company.

(E) A company follows a consultant's advice to open two new stores, but both stores are only marginally profitable at first.


Answer is C. How come?　

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OG-188

when demand for a factory's products is high, more money is spent at the factory for safety precautions and machinery maintenance than when demand is low. thus the average number of on-the-job accidents per employee each month should be lower during periods when demand is high than when demand is low and less money is available for safety precautions and machinery maintenance.

which of the following, if true about a factory when demand for its products is high,casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
a  its employees ask for higher wages than they do at other times.
b  its management hires new workers but lacks the time to train them properly.
c  its employees are less likely to lose their jobs than they are at other times
d its management sposors a monthly safety award for each division in the factory.
e its old machinery is replaced with moderns,automated models.

答案是B. 没明白原文怎么从一个事实跳到
"thus the average number of on-the-job accidents per employee each month should be lower during periods when demand is high..."  
也没明白 B 是怎么削弱的。
我知道这题前不久有人贴过，但不是很明白。

谢谢！

dandan74

21。 required energy  = a* body weight
        available energy = b* surface area
       ratio = (b*surface area)/(a*bodyweight) =available energy/required energy
Basically, the bigger the ratio, the easier the animal can move uphill. Small animals have smaller surface area and body weight, but that doesn't necessarily mean the ratio is larger than big animals.

Hope this helps.

freegirl

It's clear. At the first thought, I didn't realize the difference between " the energy an animal must expend "
and "whereas the animal's energy output available"
Could you help me for the next two? Thanks!

dorbear

og-188

when demand for a factory's products is high, more money is spent at the factory for safety precautions and machinery maintenance than when demand is low. thus the average number of on-the-job accidents per employee each month should be lower during periods when demand is high than when demand is low and less money is available for safety precautions and machinery maintenance.

which of the following, if true about a factory when demand for its products is high,casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
a  its employees ask for higher wages than they do at other times.
b  its management hires new workers but lacks the time to train them properly.
c  its employees are less likely to lose their jobs than they are at other times
d its management sposors a monthly safety award for each division in the factory.
e its old machinery is replaced with moderns,automated models.

答案是b. 没明白原文怎么从一个事实跳到
"thus the average number of on-the-job accidents per employee each month should be lower during periods when demand is high..."  
也没明白 b 是怎么削弱的。
我知道这题前不久有人贴过，但不是很明白。
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不明白怎么跳到结论很正常，因为原文除了告诉增加安全方面的资金以外，没告诉你别的。我们的任务是要找一个反面论据来质疑其结论的成立。

题干：增加安全设备维护资金　－〉月人均事故减少
　　　削弱：雇了一大帮未经上岗培训新手；（光增加安全设备维护资金有什么用呢？）
这是一个论据无效型削弱，即说明由原来论据推不出结论。

freegirl

Feel much better!
The last one:　lsat-17-iv-23，　ｐｌｅａｓｅ！

jq_jou

23. blatt: expert consultants are useful
      fring: expert consultants enable executives to avoid responsibility
C)  the lower the cost, the less the business
confirmed fring's idea: the more the cost, the more the responsibility---the more the business

freegirl

不太明白这个地方：
confirmed fring's idea: the more the cost, the more the responsibility---the more the business

我怎么没读出 "more business" in fring's idea? 请教！

jq_jou

c) 说改变以后DROP了, 那么以前就是MORE了

dorbear

lsat-17-iv-23
23. mr.blatt: expert consultants are sought after by management because they help executives make better decisions. that is why they are worth the substantial fees they charge.
ms. fring: nonsense. expert consultants are hired in order to enable executives to avoid responsibility. the more the experts cost, the more they can be blamed when things go wrong.

which one of the following, if it occurred, would be the strongest evidence favoring ms.fring's position over mr. blatt's position?
(a) a company that is trying to decide whether to move its manufacturing plant hires an expensive expert to conduct a cost/benefit analysis.
(b) two competing companies faced with very similar problems adopt different solutions.
(c) a successful firm of expert consultants seeks to increase its volume of business by reducing its fees, but its volume of business drops.
(d) an expert consultant builds up a successful business by charging clients a substantial percentage of the amount an independent assessor judges that the consultant saved the company.
(e) a company follows a consultant's advice to open two new stores, but both stores are only marginally profitable at first.

answer is c. how come?　
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是一个否命题加强型。题干中Ms. Fring　的逻辑是：

能够逃避责任　＝〉雇佣咨询专家 (Premise)
费用越高　＝＞越能逃避责任       (Premise)
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
费用越高　＝〉越要雇佣咨询专家 (Conclusion)

(C) 中说明的事实是:
费用越低　＝〉越不要雇佣咨询专家（所以即使是一家非常成功的咨询公司，降低收费却导致公司业务减少），恰好是上面结论的否命题，即加强。

freegirl

不好意思，我还是不是很明白。
如果说 （C) 中说明的事实是:
费用越低　＝〉越不要雇佣咨询专家 恰好是上面结论的否命题，即加强， 我同意。
但　its volume of business 与 MS Fring's 观点－－－费用越高　＝〉越要雇佣咨询专家 (Conclusion)－－－有什么联系呢？
有没有可能更明白些？