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分词放句首，要注意时序性问题．
261. Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has lived in England and Canada, and first came to the United States in 1961 to study at the Iowa Writers’ Workshop.
(A) Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has
(B) Having been a United States citizen since 1988, she was born in Calcutta in 1940; author Bharati Mukherjee
(C) Born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee became a United States citizen in 1988; she has
(D) Being born in Calcutta in 1940 and having been a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee（C）
(E) Having been born in Calcutta in 1940 and being a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee
A B DE都有时序性错误。
C is best. The first clause presents its information clearly and in logical sequence. The use of a semicolon to set apart the remaining information further assists the clarity of the sentence. In A, the phrase Being... and born violates parallelism and oddly presents its information in reverse chronological order. Choice B illogically suggests that upon her birth in 1940, Mukherjee had already been a United States citizen since 1988.
In D and E, the use of progressive forms (Being born, having been, Having been born, and being) implies continuous action, a notion that is not appropriate to the facts being presented. Also, these forms do not establish a logical time sequence, suggesting, for example, that Mukherjee had been a United States citizen before she lived in England and Canada and first came to the United States.
又如：
1-12. Traveling the back roads of Hungary, in 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, and they were armed only with an Edison phonograph and insatiable curiosity.
(A) Traveling the back roads of Hungary, in 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, and they were armed only
(B) In 1905, Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály, traveling the back roads of Hungary, began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, and they were only armed
(C) In 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, traveling the back roads of Hungary armed only
(D) Having traveled the back roads of Hungary, in 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology; they were only armed（C）
(E) Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály, in 1905 began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, traveling the back roads of Hungary, arming themselves only
Choices A and B are wordy and imprecise:
时序性错误：the phrasing suggests that Bartók and Kodály were already traveling the back roads of Hungary when they began their pioneering work, not that they traveled the back roads in order to conduct such work.
可是这一题：
13. Japan received huge sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War, using it to help build a modern industrial system.
(A) Japan received huge sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War, using it to help build
(B) Japan received huge sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War and used it to help in building
(C) Japan used the huge sums of capital it received from the United States after the Second World War to help build
(D) Japan’s huge sums of capital received from the United States after the Second World War were used to help it in building（C）
(E) Receiving huge sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War, Japan used it to help build
对与Ｅ．我想问，除了it指sums of．．的错误， 我觉得这里时序性没有问题．用Receving表示先收到钱，然后在用．．．．
可是ＯＧ却说：
In E, it is again without a singular noun referent, and Receiving huge sums…Japan used … does not make clear the sequence of events.
那么这题的解释和１－１２的解释不是矛盾了吗？？？？
十分困惑啊！！～～～～～～  | 
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发表于 2006-4-5 20:54:00
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