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叶落无声

定语从句的指示代词that, which 到底是就近指代还是看意思的？下面几题怎么有点矛盾？

OG-38. Scientists have observed large concentrations of heavy-metal deposits in the upper twenty centimeters of Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there.
(A) Baltic Sea sediments, which are consistent with the growth of industrial activity there
(B) Baltic Sea sediments, where the growth of industrial activity is consistent with these findings
(C) Baltic Sea sediments, findings consistent with its growth of industrial activity
(D) sediments from the Baltic Sea, findings consistent with the growth of industrial activity in the area
(E) sediments from the Baltic Sea, consistent with the growth of industrial activity there

D， in A and B the words which and where appear to refer to sediments. 我的理解：就近指代导致歧义

85.   Out of America’s fascination with all things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing back the chaise lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.

(A) things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing

(B) things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing

(C) things that are antiques has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bring

(D) antique things have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing

(E) antique things has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bring

答案选(B)，that 指代 a market, 为什么不是就近指代 furniture and fixtures 呢？

再看大全附加250题 177

177. Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used as a secret language to communicate with other members of the herd.

(A) Believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, elephants emit low-frequency sounds that may be used

(B) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds that are believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, and they may use this

(C) Elephants emit low-frequency sounds, believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, that they may use

(D) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads; elephants emit low-frequency sounds they may use（C）

(E) Originating, it is believed, from a small area on their foreheads, low-frequency sounds are emitted by elephants that may be used

答案选C，that  指代 sounds，两个词离的好远啊

jandjshi

OG38: which, where根本没有可代替的名词, 就近指sediments肯定错啦.
OG85: is bringing不是已经说明主语是单数了吗? for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures只是一个长的修饰语, 修饰a market.
OG177: believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads只是一个插入语, 拿开后, that就紧贴low-frequency sounds啦.

叶落无声

谢谢jandjshi

那我能否做如下总结：

当指示代词前的名词是做修饰语修饰前面某个名词时，则指示代词可能是指前面被修饰的那个名词

当指示代词前没有其他可替代的名词时，就近指代