排名方法
Earning a master's degree in business enables students to build professional networks, identify career opportunities, and improve prospects for promotions and raises. U.S. News' Best Business Schools rankings compare full-time MBA programs on their career placement success, student excellence and qualitative assessments by experts. This methodology was designed with relatively recent college graduates looking to attend a residence-based graduate program in mind, and is different from methodologies on college-level business programs, fully online business degrees or part-time MBAs that U.S. News ranks separately.
Half the rankings formula evaluated institutions on the successful placement and earnings outcomes of their graduates. The other half is a combination of academic metrics about the achievements of entering students and opinions by business schools, corporate recruiters and company contacts on overall program quality.
A school’s overall Best Business Schools rank should be one consideration – not the lone determinant – in where a student applies. The rankings assess academic quality and graduate success – factors that are universally important to prospective students. But personal considerations involving location, campus culture, strength of specific programs, and cost after tuition and financial aid are also very important.
Consequently, U.S. News supplements its overall rankings with specialized subject rankings and a detailed searchable business school directory. The specialized rankings include 13 distinct rankings by area such as finance, international business and marketing. The full rankings, search tool and complete directory enable prospective students to compare an array of academic and nonacademic characteristics across schools to inform their choice.
How the Rankings Were Calculated
U.S. News derived each school’s overall rank by scoring a school on eight distinct ranking factors explained in the section below. These scores were standardized so they were compared with the means and standard deviations among all other ranked schools. Next, the standardized values were weighted, totaled and rescaled so the top school received 100; others received their percentage of the top score. Finally, each business school was numerically ranked in descending order of its overall score.
As education costs continue to soar, students and their families are placing more emphasis on the results that education can bring. Therefore, the ranking factor weights for this edition feature an increased emphasis on outcome measures and a reduced emphasis on reputation. U.S. News took this approach based on knowledge that employment and earnings outcomes are the driving force behind why many individuals seek to further their education, especially in business. As in past years, changes in methodology, together with changes in individual schools’ data, can result in significant changes to schools’ rankings.
For data collection in fall 2022 and early 2023, U.S. News surveyed all 496 institutions with master's-level business programs in the U.S. accredited by AACSB International, an organization widely considered the gold standard of business school accreditation. Schools reported on their full-time campus-based and hybrid programs that included a foundation of general management skills and knowledge. These are most often Master of Business Administration programs, although some degree offerings included in this ranking have titles such as Master of Science in management and Master of Science in industrial administration.
Among those surveyed as part of the Best Business Schools, a total of 367 statistical survey recipients responded. U.S. News ranked 149 business schools that provided enough data on their full-time MBA programs and had large enough 2022 graduating classes seeking employment for valid comparisons. As always, U.S. News relies on schools to accurately report their data.
Here is a breakdown of the ranking indicators:
Placement success includes three ranking indicators on employment and earnings that in total contribute 50% (previously 35%) to each school's overall rank.
There are two distinct indicators on employment rates for 2022 graduates of full-time MBA programs: employment rates at graduation (0.07) and employment rates three months after graduation (0.14). In total, employment factors comprise 21% of each school's rank.
Note that for both indicators, graduates not seeking jobs or for whom no job-seeking information is available are excluded. If the proportions of graduates for whom no job-seeking information is available and who are not seeking jobs are high, the information is not used in calculating the ranking.
- Mean starting salary and bonus (0.20, previously 0.14): This is the average starting salary and bonus of 2022 graduates of a full-time MBA program. Salary figures are based on the number of graduates who reported data. The mean signing bonus is weighted by the proportion of those graduates who reported a bonus because not everyone who reported a base salary figure reported a signing bonus.
U.S. News uses the MBA Career Services & Employer Alliance's Standards for Reporting Employment Statistics as the basis for defining how MBA programs should report full-time MBA employment statistics and other career information, including starting base salaries, signing bonuses, and what proportion of MBA graduates have jobs at graduation and three months after. Using these industry standards has helped U.S. News ensure prospective students have accurate and comparable employment information for each school.
Quality assessment includes two qualitative indicators that total 25% (previously 40%) of a school's ranking.
- Peer assessment score (weighted by 0.125, previously 0.25): Business school deans and directors from each AACSB-accredited MBA program rated other programs' academic quality on a scale of 1 (marginal) to 5 (outstanding), and were instructed to mark "don't know" for schools they did not know enough about to evaluate. A school's score is the average of all the 1-5 ratings it received. The survey was administered by U.S. News in fall 2022 and early 2023, and 56.4% of those surveyed at schools that submitted their statistical survey responded. Across the graduate rankings, U.S. News introduced a condition this year that only schools submitting a statistical survey could have their peer ratings of other schools applied toward the ranking calculations.
- Recruiter assessment score (0.125, previously 0.15):Corporate recruiters and company contacts rated full-time MBA programs' academic quality on a scale from 1 (marginal) to 5 (outstanding), and were instructed to mark "don't know" for schools they did not know enough about to evaluate. A school's score is the weighted average of all 1-5 ratings it received in the three most recent years of survey results. Programs receiving fewer than 10 cumulative ratings over three years received an assigned value matching the lowest average score achieved by any ranked program that garnered at least 10 ratings and display an "N/A" instead of a recruiter assessment score in the usnews.com directory. U.S. News administered the recruiter survey in fall 2022 and early 2023. Recipient names were supplied to U.S. News in summer 2022 by MBA programs previously ranked by U.S. News and those eligible to be ranked.
Student selectivity comprises three admissions indicators that total 25% of each school's rank. U.S. News elected to increase the weight of undergraduate grade point average and decrease GMAT/GRE scores in its formula resulting from many business schools collecting standardized tests from a smaller share of new entrants than they had in years past. Also, median GMAT/GRE scores replaced mean GMAT/GRE for the first time this edition to limit the rankings impact of outlier scores, including low scores from otherwise promising applicants.
- Median GMAT and GRE scores (0.13, previously 0.1625):This incorporates the 50th percentile of GMAT scores and GRE quantitative, verbal and analytical writing scores of full-time MBA students entering in fall 2022. All four scores, when reported, were converted to 0-100 percentile distributions specific to their exams. U.S. News then weighted these percentile distributions based on the proportions of new entrants submitting the GMAT vs. GRE exams. For example, if 80% of a school's test-takers submitted GMAT scores and 20% submitted GRE scores, its 0-100 GMAT percentile distribution would be multiplied by 0.8 and its 0-100 GRE percentile distribution would be multiplied by 0.2 – then the two adjusted values are combined for the final score. This means U.S News did not convert GRE scores to GMAT scores or vice versa in its calculations.
If a school's combined percentages of its fall 2021 entering class submitting GMAT and GRE scores was less than a 25% threshold of all its new entrants, it received less credit on this ranking indicator on a sliding scale. For example, if 20% of the entering class submitted test scores, the final composite GMAT and GRE 0-100 percentile distribution used in the rankings was multiplied by 20/25 or 0.8. This discounting applied to only 14% of ranked schools.
An additional 13% of ranked schools that did not report any GMAT and GRE scores received an assigned value for this indicator equaling the lowest score among schools that reported data. This was done out of fairness so that every school using GMAT/GRE scores in admissions received a score at least equal to schools not using these exams in admissions.
Schools' reported GMAT and GRE data is only available via a U.S. News Business School Compass subscription.
- Average undergraduate GPA (0.10, previously 0.075): This is the average undergraduate GPA of students entering the full-time program in fall 2022. Schools reporting that fewer than 50% of their entering students submitted average undergraduate GPAs had their values adjusted downward based on the proportion that submitted relative to 50%. For example, if 25% of the entering class submitted undergraduate GPAs, the undergraduate GPAs were reduced in value in the ranking model by 25/50 or 50%.
- Acceptance rate (0.02, previously 0.0125): This is the percentage of applicants to the full-time program in fall 2022 who were accepted. Lower acceptance rates indicate greater selectivity.
Overall Rank
Scores on the above indicators were standardized so that each school's calculated values were compared with the means and standard deviations of all other ranked schools. This created standardized scores, or z-scores, that reflected the number of standard deviations each school's value was relative to other ranked schools. U.S. News weighted the indicator z-scores as outlined above, summed them, then rescaled so the top school received 100; others received their percentage of the top score. Graduate business programs were then numerically ranked in descending order based on their scores.
Schools Listed With a Ranking Range
For increased transparency in this edition, U.S. News increased the number of schools that display their individual rank to 90%, up from 75% in previous years. The remaining ranked schools simply display a range with the highest and lowest ranked school in the bottom decile, and are listed alphabetically.
Note that both individually ranked schools and schools within the bottom ranking range were indeed ranked. U.S. News will supply schools listed in the ranking range with their numerical ranks if they submit a request following the procedures listed on the Information for School Officials page.
Unranked Schools
To receive a numeric rank or ranking range in the Best Business Schools rankings, a program needed to deliver some campus-based instruction at reoccurring intervals (e.g. not purely an online MBA), provide U.S. News enough statistical data for use in the rankings and report that at least 50% of its 2022 graduating class were seeking employment. Additionally, 10 members of the 2022 graduating class needed to be seeking employment for a school to be rank eligible.
If a school is listed as unranked, U.S. News did not calculate a rank for it. Programs marked as unranked are listed alphabetically below those marked with a ranking range.
Predominantly online master's programs that are not eligible to be ranked in the Best Business Schools may be ranked in U.S. News' January 2022 rankings of the Best Online MBA Programs and the Best Online Master's in Business Programs.
Specialty Rankings
U.S. News produced 13 standalone rankings of popular specialties. These areas are offered through concentrations and coursework that award credit toward schools' MBA program degrees. The Best Business Schools rankings do not assess fully specialized master's in business programs such as a master's in accounting or project management.
The ranked MBA specialties are the following: accounting, business analytics, entrepreneurship, finance, information systems, international business, management, marketing, nonprofit management, production/operations, project management, real estate and supply chain/logistics management.
These rankings, as well as an additional ranking of executive MBA programs, are based solely on ratings by business school deans and directors of AACSB-accredited MBA programs from the list of schools surveyed. They were asked to nominate up to 15 programs for excellence in each area listed.
Schools receiving the most votes in each specialty are numerically ranked in descending order based on the number of nominations they received, as long as the school or program received seven or more nominations in that specialty area. This means schools ranked at the bottom of each specialty ranking received at least seven nominations.
These specialty areas are offered through concentrations and coursework that award credit toward schools' broader MBA program degrees. In other words, they are not of fully specialized master's in business programs such as a master's degree in accounting or master's degree in project management.
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发表于 2023-4-25 17:29:37
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