【揽瓜阁4.0】笔记整理

吃饭睡觉做咸鱼

Day 1
第一篇
文章大意：

拼多多以严重加班的企业文化文明，并且其薪资高于阿里巴巴和腾讯，超负荷的工作也成功推动力企业的快速发展。但是在今年一位20出头的员工猝死，引发了拼多多的公关危机。

段落大意：

P1：第一段为对整个文章所描述事件的概述：在拼多多员工猝死之后，这家中国成长最迅速的公司正在经历公关危机和对于其工作环境的质疑。

P2：讲述 996 模式

P3：2019年有一场反对996运动，但作用不大

P4：拼多多员工指出pdd的工作模式比996更恶劣。

P5：拼多多给的工资比它的同行阿里和腾讯都要高

P6：员工的超时工作带来了公司股价的快速上涨。pdd员工事件发生之后，公司股价跌2%

P7：大概描述猝死但当事人

P8：网络上开始抵制拼多多

P9：拼多多在知乎平台上的回复引起争议

P10：拼多多否认消息是自己发的，知乎官方确认了账号属于pdd

P11：拼多多将责任推到了第三方外包公司，并辩解第三方外包公司的观点不代表拼多多公司立场

P12：公司的言论引发争议，有评论认为公司这是在推卸责任。

P13：中国官方声明政府已介入调查

P14：拼多多对后续疑问不予置评

摘抄：

1. China’s fastest-growing ecommerce group Pinduoduo is facing a growing public relations crisis and an investigation into its working conditions after one of its employees died after collapsing on her way home from work.

2. The sector’s exhausting working weeks have come under fire in the past, with an “anti-996” campaign gaining steam in 2019 among tech workers and activists. But the effort largely failed to change workplace norms.

3. The employee’s death and Pinduoduo’s response were among the top five trending topics on Weibo on Monday. “Work one worker to death, find another worker to take the fall,” commented a user on the Twitter-like platform.

生词：

boy∙cott

verb

• to refuse to buy, use or take part in sth as a way of protesting

拒绝购买(或使用、参加)；抵制

We are asking people to boycott goods from companies that use child labour.

我们正呼吁大家抵制雇用童工的公司的产品。

backtrack

verb

1. to go back along the same route that you have just come along

• 原路返回；折回；折返

2. to change an earlier statement, opinion or promise because of pressure from sb / sth

• (屈于压力而)改变声明(或主张),出尔反尔；退缩

er∙rant

adj. [only before noun] (formal or humorous)

1. doing sth that is wrong; not behaving in an acceptable way

• 犯错误的；行为不当的；出格的

2. (of a husband or wife 丈夫或妻子) not sexually faithful

• 对配偶不忠的

split hairs  斤斤计较，在小事上争论不休；作无益的、琐碎的分析

第二篇
文章大意：

文章属于观点论述型文章，通篇都是对某一研究结果（老观点）的反驳。一开始三段介绍老的研究结果（老观点），第四段转折开始反驳老观点，在反驳过程中夹杂着老观点的具体内容，背景知识补充等等。

段落大意：

P1：一个研究人员认为：大部分美国人会实现富足

P2：机会和平等，机会更重要

P3：研究报告的内容，保守派应该重视

P4：Cox-Alm研究有问题

P5：研究表明收入分配更加的不平等

P6：Cox-Alm研究还是有价值的

P7：指出Cox-Alm研究的缺陷

P8：贫困的人都是哪些，例如学生，有孩子的妈妈

P9：16年后，这些人完成学业进入工作，妈妈们因为孩子独立也开始工作

P10：个人收入还和经验，移动性有关

P11：平均家庭收入会减少不平等，经济移动性在逐年降低

P12：弄清楚可以为失败者做什么更重要

摘抄：

1. "Maybe it would make sense to spend less time splitting hairs over what's happened -- and more trying to figure out what can be done for the losers," Mr. Ooms concludes.

2. We have long known that mobility partially offsets the impact of inequality," says Van Doorn Ooms, director of research at the Committee for Economic Development. "It's still unclear by how much."

生词：

fuss

noun

[U, sing.] unnecessary excitement, worry or activity

• 无谓的激动(或忧虑、活动)；大惊小怪:

He does what he's told without any fuss.

他不声不响地按照吩咐办事。

plight

noun

• a difficult and sad situation 苦难；困境；苦境:

the plight of the homeless

无家可归者的艰难困苦

The African elephant is in a desperate plight.

  非洲象正面临绝境。

endorsement

noun

a public statement or action showing that you support sb / sth

(公开的)赞同,支持,认可

amiss

adj. [not before noun]

• wrong; not as it should be 不对；不正常:

She sensed something was amiss and called the police.

她觉得有点不对头,就叫了警察。

吃饭睡觉做咸鱼

Day 2
第一篇
文章大意

阐述黑色在艺术史上的使用历程，不同阶段被怎么运用，引领或代表了什么艺术风潮，又如何层层递进的。

段落大意

1：引出了Black这一话题

2：大部分颜色对不同的人都有不同的含义。但是，黑色的象征意义却是共通的

3：物理学家认为黑色是由于没有光线，但是很多艺术家并不这么认为

4：印裔英国艺术家安尼什·卡普尔对黑色做了最新的探索

5：在古埃及、中国和罗马，黑色被使用在白色的背景上；在欧洲学会合成黑色涂料之前，真正的黑色是很难得到的，早期艺术家使用的黑色纯度都不够

6：由coal, lampblack or ivory制成的黑涂料混合了亚麻籽油之后才创造了纯正的黑色光泽。

7：Palmer对于黑色的看法

8：EM对于黑色的看法

9：运用黑色能创造一种全新的绘画语言

10：试图赋予黑色以死亡之外的含义，《黑色方块》标志着现代艺术的转折点

11：M对于美国的抽象派产生了巨大的影响，但是终究不敌时间对于黑色广场的摧残。

12：艺术家发现可以用绘画来立体地描绘物体。“超级黑”的出现似乎将物体完全抹除了。

摘抄

1. Most colours represent different things for different people.

2. It is bound up with witchcraft, the underworld, night-time and the far side of the Moon.

3. For the viewer, as for the artist, these works are another step in the quest for the meaning of black.

生词

pan∙theon

noun

1. (technical 术语) all the gods of a nation or people

• (一国或一个民族信仰的)众神,诸神:

»the ancient Egyptian pantheon

  古埃及众神

2. (formal) a group of people who are famous within a particular area of activity

• (统称某一领域的)名人,名流

en∙liven

verb [VN]

• (formal) to make sth more interesting or more fun

• 使更有生气(或活力)

con∙vex

adj.

• (of an outline or a surface 外形或表面) curving out

• 凸出的；凸面的:

»a convex lens / mirror

  凸透镜；凸镜

vexed / vekst /

adj.

1. ~ question / issue a problem that is difficult to deal with

• (指问题等)棘手的,伤脑筋的

【SYN】 thorny :

»The conference spent days discussing the vexed question of border controls.

  会议花了几天的时间讨论边境关卡这个难题。

2. ~ (at / with sb / sth) (old-fashioned) upset or annoyed

• (指人)恼火,烦恼,伤脑筋

plumb / plQm /

verb [VN]

• (literary) to try to understand or succeed in understanding sth mysterious

• 探索；钻研；探究

【SYN】 fathom :

»She spent her life plumbing the mysteries of the human psyche.

  她毕生探索人类心灵的奥秘。

adv.

1. (used before prepositions 用于介词前) exactly

• 恰恰；正好:

»He was standing plumb in the middle of the road.

  他站在路正中间。

2. (old-fashioned, NAmE, informal) completely

• 完全；彻底:

»He's plumb crazy.

  他彻底疯了。

con∙coc∙tion

noun

• a strange or unusual mixture of things, especially drinks or medicines

• (古怪或少见的)混合物,调合物,调配品(尤指饮料或药物):

»a concoction of cream and rum

  奶油和朗姆酒调制的怪味饮料

pal∙ette

noun

1. a thin board with a hole in it for the thumb to go through, used by an artist for mixing colours on when painting

• 调色板

2. [usually sing.] (technical 术语) the colours used by a particular artist

• (画家使用的)主要色彩,主色调:

»Greens and browns are typical of Ribera's palette.

  绿色和棕色是里贝拉的主色调。

第二篇
文章大意

有两大法系——common law system & civil law system——对于女性有不同的保护力，Civil law system对于女性的保护程度更高。New Mexico奉行Spanish law，而New York奉行civil law system。

段落大意

1、不同法律对于女性保护程度不同，女性的生活体验取决于她生活在奉行common law system的州内还是奉行civil law system的州内

2、civil law system对于女性权益的保护程度高于common law system的保护程度，这一点与常识相反

3、通过对比，说明New Mexico和New York奉行的法律不同

4、具体说明在civil law system下女性的权益是怎么被保障的

摘抄

1、Women throughout the colonies lived in patriarchal social systems that limited their autonomy and power.

2、Nevertheless, a comparison of women’s lives under two different colonial legal regimes shows that women gained tangible benefits from civil law systems that they did not enjoy under common law.

生词

en∙coun∙ter

verb [VN]

1. to experience sth, especially sth unpleasant or difficult, while you are trying to do sth else

• 遭遇,遇到(尤指令人不快或困难的事)

»We encountered a number of difficulties in the first week.

  我们在第一周遇到了很多困难。

»I had never encountered such resistance before.

  我以前从未遇到过这么大的阻力。

2. (formal) to meet sb, or discover or experience sth, especially sb / sth new, unusual or unexpected

• 偶然碰到；意外地遇见；与…邂逅

»She was the most remarkable woman he had ever encountered.

  她是他所见到过的最出色的女性。

dowry

noun (pl. -ies)

1. money and / or property that, in some societies, a wife or her family must pay to her husband when they get married

• (新娘的)嫁妆,陪嫁

2. money and / or property that, in some societies, a husband must pay to his wife's family when they get married

• (新郎给新娘家的)彩礼,财礼

exert

verb [VN]

1. to use power or influence to affect sb / sth

• 运用；行使；施加:

»He exerted all his authority to make them accept the plan.

  他利用他的所有权力让他们接受这个计划。

»The moon exerts a force on the earth that causes the tides.

  月球对地球的吸引力引起潮汐。

2. ~ yourself to make a big physical or mental effort

• 努力；竭力:

»In order to be successful he would have to exert himself.

  他必须努力才能成功。

tangible benefits  显著实惠，有形利益

The plan brought few tangible benefits to the poor.

这个计划没有给穷人带来多少实际好处。

吃饭睡觉做咸鱼

Day 3
第一篇
文章大意

量子计算机开始初步显现出商业价值，吸引了早期投资者，但是风险大的项目还是由政府主导，而想要取得技术发展，政府的投资至关重要。

段落大意

1、量子计算的发展

2、量子计算开始产生商业价值

3、量子计算对各个学科都有着非凡的意义

4、政府可以承担发展量子计算的风险

5、早期技术发展工作由大企业完成

6、超早期投资者会很有效率利用资源，政府投资也该如此，但是有时投资高失败的项目也有意义

7、创新要注意“伟人”局限性，量子计算也离不开其他领域的技术发展

8、基础工作是第一位

摘抄

1、Until recently the consensus was that practical applications would have to wait for large, stable machines, probably at least a decade away.

2、The first step in building a quantum computer was to conduct plenty of abstruse mathematics on university blackboards.

3、The trick for such super-early-stage investors is to know when to stick with a risky prospect and when to call it quits.

生词

simulate

verb [VN]

to create particular conditions that exist in real life using computers, models, etc., usually for study or training purposes

• (用计算机或模型等)模拟

frenzy

noun [C, usually sing., U]

• (pl. -ies) ~ (of sth) a state of great activity and strong emotion that is often violent or frightening and not under control

• 疯狂；狂乱；狂暴:

»in a frenzy of activity / excitement / violence

  疯狂的活动/兴奋/暴力

ruth∙less

adj.

• (disapproving) (of people or their behaviour 人或其行为) hard and cruel; determined to get what you want and not caring if you hurt other people

• 残酷无情的；残忍的:

»a ruthless dictator

  残酷无情的独裁者

nascent

adj.

• (formal)beginning to exist; not yet fully developed

• 新生的；萌芽的；未成熟的

第二篇
文章大意

地球真的在变暖，但是在这一过程中会有mini ice age的过程，而这一过程证实了地球在变暖这一事实。

段落大意

第一部分 引子 （第1段）：提出疑问，气候真的在变暖么？

第二部分 事实（第2-3段）科学家发现 最近出现了海水盐都变低的现象

第三部分 推论（第4-5段）根据进一步的分析和推导 地球有可能会进入新一轮冰河时代 而非变暖

摘抄

1、No one is certain where the fresh torrents are coming from, but a prime suspect is melting Arctic ice, caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that traps solar energy.

2、Having given up its heat to the air, the now-cooler water becomes denser and sinks into the North Atlantic by a mile or more in a process oceanographers call thermohaline circulation.

3、At some point, the whole system could simply shut down, and do so quickly.

生词

clutter

verb [VN]

• ~ sth (up) (with sth / sb) to fill a place with too many things, so that it is untidy

• 凌乱地塞满；乱堆放:

»Don't clutter the page with too many diagrams.

  别用太多的图表来堆砌版面。

culprit

noun

1. a person who has done sth wrong or against the law

• 犯错的人；罪犯:

»The police quickly identified the real culprits.

  警方很快查出了真正的罪犯。

2. a person or thing responsible for causing a problem

• 肇事者；引起问题的事物:

»The main culprit in the current crisis seems to be modern farming techniques.

  当前这场危机的罪魁祸首好像是现代农业技术。

veer

verb [V +adv. / prep.]

1. (especially of a vehicle 尤指车辆等) to change direction suddenly

• 突然变向；猛然转向

»The bus veered onto the wrong side of the road.

  公共汽车突然驶入了逆行道。

2. (of a conversation or way of behaving or thinking 说话、行为或思想) to change in the way it develops

• 偏离；改变；转变:

»The debate veered away from the main topic of discussion.

  争论脱离了讨论的主题。

»His emotions veered between fear and anger.

  他的情绪变化不定,一会儿恐惧一会儿生气。

3. (technical 术语) (of the wind 风) to change direction

• 改变方向:

»The wind veered to the west.

  风向转西。