OG2021 839题 求解

leyin

Partly as a result of Proposition 13, which severely limits property tax increases, California has come more and more to rely on personal income taxes for its revenues; income taxes have increased from 18 percent of the state's general fund in 1962 to 48 percent by 2002.


    A

    have increased from 18 percent of the state's general fund in 1962 to 48 percent by 2002
    B

    have increased from 18 percent of the state's general fund in 1962 to being up to 48 percent by 2002
    C

    have increased from 18 percent of the state's general fund in 1962, and by 2002 were up to 48 percent
    D

    increased from 18 percent of the state's general fund in 1962, and by 2002 were 48 percent
    E

    increased from 18 percent of the state's general fund in 1962 to 48 percent by 2002

我记得看过语法书说by+时间要用过去完成时或者一般将来时，但是这里的正确答案E用一般过去时，为什么呢？

leyin

顺便问一下后面的840题



According to scientists, human expansion and the human appropriation of Earth's finite resources is the cause of what may be the most sweeping wave of species extinctions since the demise of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.


    A

    expansion and the human appropriation of Earth's finite resources is
    B

    expansion and human appropriation of Earth's finite resources are
    C

    expansion and its appropriation of Earth's finite resources is
    D

    expansion, along with their appropriation of Earth's finite resources, is
    E

    expansion, along with its appropriation of Earth's finite resources, are

对于正确选项B我没有疑问，但是我注意到句末使用了since，语法书说看见since就要用完成时，但是这里又用的一般现在时。感觉gmat的语法好像和以前学的不太一样。

andrew22要奋斗

leyin 发表于 2020-9-9 21:00
顺便问一下后面的840题

我理解的since + 名词其实是不能理解为现在完成时的标志词

leyin

andrew22要奋斗 发表于 2020-9-9 23:29
我理解的since + 名词其实是不能理解为现在完成时的标志词

有更多例子吗

ST5

这里不矛盾啊。第一题是介绍的从时间A到B这段里面发生的某个时间的陈述，不能用have done, 因为这个动作没有延续到今天，所以只能用一个过去式表示这个事件。 第二题里也是，since xx到现在发生的某个fact的陈述。since xx是有很多have done的例子，但是simple present tense也可以。

jannabi321

你可以看看OG的官方解释，它说‘因为这里用了by 2002 而不是’in 2002‘，说明这句话是在2002年后说的。那站在2002年之后某一个时间点来看，1962到2002年的增长就是一个过去的动作，所以用过去时不能用过去完成时。 如果这里要用过去完成时，需要语境是在2002年那个节点说的才更合适。

jannabi321

leyin 发表于 2020-9-9 21:00
顺便问一下后面的840题

我觉得这两个不冲突吧，还是句意优先，可以感受一下一般现在时和现在完成时的细微差别。一般现在时可表示客观真理，在这里更符合句意。完成时有强调是在一个时间段内的一个动作，强调过去对现在的影响且之后就不是这样了，不是那么符合句意。