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COMMA ING在gamt 种作为考点一直没有分的很清楚,看完ron的课程和一部分Manhattan帖子之后总结一下,包括看了帖子以后仍有一定的模糊,欢迎大家指正。
{{{首先是修饰名词 相对比较简单 }}}
形式
一.NONE+COMMA+-ING
comma只有前没有其他的动词时,可以修饰名词,
注意
1.If you have noun + , + __ing, then the __ing describes that initial noun. I.e., if there are other nouns in modifier(s) attached to that noun, then comma + __ing DOES NOT describe those closer nouns.
e.g.,
The father of the two boys, arriving at the courthouse, was xxxxxx.
--> This sentence unambiguously states that the father was arriving at the courthouse.
来源:https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/because-there-are-provisions-t7381-75.html( 第六页)
2.这个动作的发起者必须是前面的NOUN
3.这个动作的timeframe是否要和MAIN ACTION一致?这个问题还没有看到非常具体的解析,暂时留存
二、补充SVO, VING,不修饰O也不修饰S
{{{作为ADVERBIAL MODIFIER}}}
e.g I dropped the bags onto the floor, scaring the dogs.
一、需要同时满足A和B
(A)
1. it MODIFIES THE ENTIRE ACTION of the preceding clause, and it APPLIES TO THE SUBJECT of that clause;
注意这里ACTION可以不是主句,例如定于从句中的,甚至不一定是grammatically verb。
e.g My sister saw me throwing bag on the floor, scaring my dog. 这里的动作是throwing
2. SAME the SAME TIMEFRAME as the main action(CANNOT be separated in time)
e.g WRONG - Colin was struck by a bus, dying in the hospital an hour later.
AND
(B)
one of the following is true:
(1) the "ing" action is SIMULTANEOUS with, and SUBORDINATE to, the main action;
- i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my arms wildly
(2) the "ing" action is a DIRECT AND IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCE of the main action.
- i got a 100 on the most recent exam, bringing my average up to 91
(3) the "ing" action DESCRIBES the main action, in some other extremely direct way (illustration, example, explanation, etc.)
二、关于修饰整个句子的说法,作为结果的说法
提到修饰整个的句子的时候,往往是因为作为动作发起的SUBJECT不合理;但是从SUBJECT+VERBING的角度看,VERBING的动作又是合理的,因此出现了说修饰整个句子的说法。
这个事情有点tricky我也不敢给50%以上的确认度
RON不太承认这种说法,这里有一个学生举了一个非常好的例子和ron讨论
https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/because-there-are-provisions-t7381-105.html 这个问题从第六页讨论到第八页
具体为两句话
1.Crime has recently decreased in our neighborhood, leading to a rise in property values.(来自MANHATTAN)
首先RON认为这句话是错的,(上完RON神的课我看刚看Manhattan也觉得这是错的,才写了这个帖子,虽然我不是很清楚为什么这句话在第六版怎么还是出现了),我的解释可能不能表达原意大家可以自行去看。当然真的感觉很tricky
具体原因:The __ing makes sense with the action, but not with the subject.
ron修改了这个句子Aggressive police patrols have decreased crime in our neighborhood, leading to an increase in property values.
2.The cameras of the Voyager â…¡ spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus,doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known to orbit.(来自OG)
RON认为这句话是对的
RON的理由是,In the comma + __ing structure, the subject should be, among all possible nouns, the one most directly responsible for the "__ing" result.
However, the relation will usually still be indirect. (If the noun directly performs the action, then a normal subject+verb construction will almost always make more sense.)
我的理解是,很多时候主语直接发起这个动作是不合理,因此需要配合上动词来理解整个句子。但这和修饰整个句子还是有区别,不然CRIME那个句子应该是对的。
不过这个问题RON也说很微妙,不用太过考虑。以国内老师将其视为主句导致的结果应该可以解决大部分的问题。
{{{补充 VERBING 作为 INITIAL MODIFIER}}}
eg.Swiming in the ocean, Dan saw a dolphin.
其实将他视为作为主句整个动作的adverbial modifier更好,但是和NOUN MODIFIER有很多相似处。
注意满足下面三个方面
1.THE MAIN ACTION happens DURING this one. (This is ALREADY GOING ON when the main verb happens)
2.It is less important/less central to message than the main verb
3.The IMMEDIATELY FOLLOING SUBJECT must be the person/thing who does the -ing action.
{{{补充 and}}}
很多时候ing 被替换成了and do,这里我写一点自己的方法区别。
ing表示的是同时发生,两者之间是具有关系的(结果,详细描述,附属的行为)
and可以表示不同时间点的事情,并且句子之间是相互独立的,或者sequence的,除非使用thus 这样的词不然不能表示关系
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