一道语法题(关于parallel的不唯一性）备忘

AMBER513

A South American bird that forages for winged termites and other small insects while swinging upside down form the foliage of tall trees, the graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a group of New World tropical birds that includes more than 230 species and that are represented in virtually every kind of habitat.
A. graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a group of New World tropical birds that includes more than 230 species and that are
B. graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a group of New World tropical birds that includes more than 230 species and is
C. graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a group of New World tropical birds that include more than 230 species and is
D. graveteiro, which belongs to the ovenbird family, a group of New World tropical birds that includes more than 230 species and that are
E. graveteiro, which belongs to the ovenbird family, a group of New World tropical birds that includes more than 230 species and is

这道题目做的时候觉得birds that includes more than 230 species and is里面的两个动词（include&be）单复应该一致，所以侥幸选对了B, 但是觉得include这里加s不太合适，Manhattan上面RON只是叫我们不要质疑官方答案，没有说为什么可以，后面看到beatthegmat上面有一段回答不错，引用过来

I opened this thread again to clear my doubt.

Why the subject here is "a group" instead of "tropical birds" for verb "includes".

As I know below are correct..
Each one of the cars is red in color ...
Each one of the cars that are red in color ...

The usage of that or which refers to immediate before noun, and the verb following it should agree with that noun..

So this answer should have "include" and not "includes".
Please kindly clarify.

A South American bird that forages for winged termites and other small insects while swinging upside down form the foliage of tall trees, the graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a group of New World tropical birds that includes more than 230 species and that are represented in virtually every kind of habitat.

Seeing the second clause explaining graveteiro :
graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a group (of New World tropical birds) that (includes more than 230 species) and that (are represented in virtually every kind of habitat).

So two things are being told about this group: species included and kind of habitat, and so they should be in parallel, this parallelism can be in either of two ways: One subordinate clause introduced by that and the two conjugated with an and or parallel that clauses. The option contains each of these varities, and in my opinion, both could be correct depending on the parallelism exhibited in word choice.

Now option A and D tries two parallel that clauses, BCE uses and to show the parallelism under one that clause.

Now all things being equal, the pronoun which is not necessary so kill option D and E as long as we can find some answer in ABC:


A. graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a group (of New World tropical birds) that includes more than 230 species and that are

So the includes and are are not consistent, if this that is referring to group both should be singular, even if to birds(which is nonsensical in given contet as birds can not posses species, group can),

B. graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a group (of New World tropical birds) that includes more than 230 species and is


Fine as long as both are singular.

C. graveteiro belongs to the ovenbird family, a group (of New World tropical birds) that include more than 230 species and is
Not ok.

也就是说a group of New World tropical birds that...中that引导的clause既能修饰birds也能修饰group，只要保持修饰的对象一致就正确