Ashley SC总结日记

珍妮王小钰

本题考点总结：
平行
Positing an enormous volcanic explosion at the end of the Permian period would explain the presence of aburied crater, account for the presence of the element iridium (originating deep within the earth), and the presence of quartz having been shattered by high-impact shock waves.

A. account for the presence of the element iridium (originating deep within the earth), and the presence of quartz having been
B. of the element iridium (originating deep within the earth), and of quartz
C. the element iridium (originating deep within the earth), and explain the presence of quartz having been
D. the presence of the element iridium (originating deep within the earth), and explain presence of quartz
E. explain the element iridium (originating deep within the earth), and the presence of quartz


本题考点总结：
定语从句的修饰
固定搭配
Although a number of excellent studies narrate the development of domestic technology and its impact on housewifery, these works do not discuss the contributions of the women employed by manufacturers and utility companies as product demonstrators and publicists,who initially promoted new and unfamiliar technology to female customers.
A. by manufacturers and utility companies as product demonstrators and publicists,
B. to be product demonstrators and publicists by manufacturers and utility companies,
C. to demonstrate and publicize their products by manufacturers and utility companies
D. by manufacturers and utility companies to be demonstrators and publicists of their products
E. by manufacturers and utility companies to demonstrate and publicize their products



本题考点总结：
修饰
Before 1988, insurance companies in California were free to charge whatever rates the market would bear, needing no approval from regulators before raising rates.

A. needing no approval from regulators before raising
B. and it needed no approval by regulators before raising
C. and needing no approval from regulators before they raised
D. with approval not needed by regulators before they raised
E. with no approval needed from egulators before the raising of



本题考点总结：
unlike比较
Unlike the automobile company,whose research was based on crashes involving sport utility vehicles, the research conducted by the insurance company took into account such factors as adriver’s age, sex, and previous driving record .
A. company, whose research was based on
B. company, which researched
C. company, in its research of
D. company’s research, having been based on
E. company’s research on

本题考点总结：
修饰
单词用法

Gusty westerly winds will continue to usher in a seasonably cool air mass into the region, as a broad area of high pressure will build and bring fair and dry weather for several days.
A. to usher in a seasonably cool air mass into the region, as a broad area of high pressure will build and
in 是冗余的 把一个带进地方；逻辑歧义这里是三件事情
B. ushering in a seasonably cool air mass into the region and a broad area of high pressure will build that
C. to usher in a seasonably cool air mass to the region, a broad area of high pressure building and
D. ushering a seasonably cool air mass in the region, with a broad area of high pressure building and
E. to usher a seasonably cool air mass into the region ,while a broad area of high pressure builds, which will

珍妮王小钰

Modifiers (节选)
从他的考点就可以知道选择会怎么出。这就是找到作者思路本质
作为大MJ，果然是要先建立框架然后补充基础知识和做题纠正
1. Noun Modifiers
       -nonessential modifier; essential modifier
        e.g. The cat, which…, is very noisy.   (nonessential n. m.)                        
                The cat that … is very noisy.       (essential n. m.)
       -the closer, the better!
        e.g. A worker, the project was managed by Sue.     (X)
                A worker, Sue managed the project.                  (√)ing分词加了逗号就做状语，不加才做名词就是语
2. Adverbial Modifiers 状语性质修饰语可以修饰除名词外的所有东西，包括整句句子
分词可以做名词修饰语又可以做状语修饰语。区别是加了逗号就是状语修饰语不能是名词；不加逗号就可以修饰名词
ing句子
    e.g. Exhausted from her job, she bought a lottery.(√)   ，ed是状语不修饰she 作为状语修饰整个动作的（或句子） 两者得是有关系的
            Exhausted from her job, she has red hair.        (X) 这前后是没有关系的
3. Which vs. the Present Participle –ing
4. Modifier vs. Core

珍妮王小钰

摘录：

1.The SC Process：

→ 做题步骤增加take a first glance（5th为：read the original sentence carefully）；

→ 明确SC timing session，即SC平均做题速度保持在1min20S/题；

分析：

→ 做题步骤因人而异，养成自己良好的做题习惯即可，无须纠结；

→ 最新明确的SC平均做题时间对很多同学来说是一个比较大的挑战。

2.Grammar & Meaning

→ 该部分新增对于常见语法术语的科普，例如什么是“clause, dependent clause”等；

分析 ：

→ GMAT不会专门test语法术语，此处对于语法术语理解的唯一目的在于：更好的读懂/理解OG的解释，比如 run-on sentence/sentence fragment.

[hide]
3. Sentence Structure
→ 该部分新增“Building Complex Sentence”即一个简单的句子是如何添加各种成分从而变成一个长难句；

分析：
→ “语法基础”较薄弱的同学通过该部分的学习能够加速分析长难句的速度。

5. Parallelism
→ 关于“and”的语法点重新进行了整理，更加全面，分析and的各种使用方法（conjunction, compound verb, parallelism）; 指出“平行不需要时态一致”


分析：
→ 关于and的使用方法需要熟练掌握。


10.Meaning, Structure, & Modifiers: Extra
→该部分删除concision部分的verb ＞adjective ＞noun

分析：
→ 这个删除是非常有必要的，这一点从来就不是一个有效的split！反而会作为trap来迷惑考生，希望引起同学们的注意！

珍妮王小钰

插播我的RC日记。

• ----------------------------------
  

三个核心思想不要搞框架小安阅读法费时间
最难核心思想1st
1st 读懂！！  字面意思（主谓宾+修饰）
               词汇+语法     
                     理解意思（深层的还原积极阅读法语文功力！简单来说！）
2rd 选择！ 问题（利用好问题不要只用来定位可惜了哈 4大题型对问题利用是不同的：4大题型答案的正错选项特征也是不同的！）（注意出题的时候，包括题目的这个选项 他都是词和词之间的关系。ex:你有water你也有peperl两个词,你要看他说的两者方向是不是一致的：都说有水还是有pepperor还是说有水但没有P,你要根据他出题的选项来。）
                 选项 VX选择和排除（使用：排除为主啊）（正确答案和错误答案）
                        （正确答案：不要用文章关键去定位好吗！要么关键词出现在文中好几句话，要么就不是答案所在句。对正确答案选择是定位找对的难难难 N让我们转换思维吧SAT和last的文难）
                        （找错找错 这样阅读才能提高！！why 主谓停修饰停？因为句子：SVO+修饰∴看好主谓和修饰，句子意思就搞定了把每个选项做到--主谓停 修饰停把选项拆成很多块去分析）
                        （错误项没有对应（意思）的内容:1没有对应实质性意思的V,N, adj, adv(ex：tend to，describe，occurs没有实质性) 2 没有对应的比较（than as as，隐含比较:different，seem，v contrast, compare）3 没有对应的极端信息（never any the most）） 打叉最快排除点（逻辑，阅读）违背原文(原文说1有A 选项说不是1没有A）修饰错误(我有兰书和红尺子 选项说我有红书和蓝色的尺子）
         如何选选择 怎么提高速度和正确率！

*就上面3个错误点（没有其他错误选项特征了）

3   读哪里（这个只能提速）通读？关键句读？不读？（每个题型读文章哪个地方可以提速 减少读的量么么）  ABC//efg 出题原理去提速  做题前要去读文章的哦

不用把文章画框架和结构！不会托福不会对整篇文章框架理解有什么ideas的（考整篇文章框架和观点之间关系，是GMAT的RC！不是考能力概要类的）（整篇文章概要框架论点之间关系中心句之间关系是如何递进推进不是托福考的哦）

三核心之一读懂

• 直接读/直译（快速）
  

不认识怎么处理？

• SVO+修饰  抓住修饰谁  ETS要考细节不仅考主干
• 词汇：
  

• 1不认识的动词理解成有或者没有，如果表示观点就直接理解成认为或反对
• 2 表示修饰的advadj理解为好的不好的中性客观为态度（中性客观为态度就直接重复一下就行了）
• 3名词比较复杂：如果是动词变过来的名词就是有和没有修饰的是好和不好，但如果有些名词是专有名词其实认不认识都无所谓，比如“。。的A
  

直译后理解能力++什么词修饰谁。句子读懂了意思 EI词汇OK句子插入OK阅读理解OK

珍妮王小钰

JJJ back!

主谓+修饰

谓语动词前重复主语

SVO+ 修饰

找对修饰的对象

修饰成分前重复修饰对象+是+修饰的内容

航空公司是   that

Adj 1. 单个的形容词

     2.doing， done，to do（TODO除了修饰名词之外，还能表示整句话目的）

     3.定从

     4. 同位语，以及同位语从句

     5. 介词词组

修饰对象往往在修饰成分的前面或者后面

Adv. 1.单个副词

       2.介词词组

（3.to do 表示整句话系表结构，前提是找不到合理的动作发出者/有动作发出者做形容词）

全新找主谓的方式：修饰从上述几个特征词开始到标点符号或孤独的谓语动词前结束

1．The airline company, (following through on recent warnings that it might start reducing service), announced that it was eliminating jet service to nine cities, closing some unneeded operations, and it grounded twenty-two planes.（it might 不孤独）

2．The list(of animals that exhibits a preference of either using the right or the left hand (i.e.,claw, paw, or foot))has been expanded to include the lower vertebrates.（that主exhibits 是从句的谓语动词）（前面的foot明显不能做他的主语嘛）

3.- Many (of the earliest known images of Hindu deities in India) date from the time of the Kushan empire,fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or Gandharangrey schist.

          形容词做名字 many images of the …两个相同名词省略了一个:

Many (students) of students, some (students)of students, one student of students, a few student of students, 56 percent(students) of students, certain (students) of students, none student of students

Possible long-termconsequences( of the “greenhouse effect,” the gradual warming of theEarth’s climate), may include melting the polar ice caps and arising sea level

The quality (of earlier pieces of blown glass excavated不是谓语 in Italy and Western Europe by far)surpass those of pieces from the eastern Mediterranean, when regarded not only interms of the variety of shapes represented, but also interms of decorative techniquesand functionality

主谓不一致

主谓倒装句子：

修辞前置

倒装谓语动词必须是主语

14. （Among the reasons for the decline of New Englandagriculture in the last three decades）were the high cost of land, the pressure of housing and commercial development, and basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and California.

(A) basingûa marketing and distribution system on importingproduce from Florida andCalifornia

(B) basingû  a marketing and distribution system on the imported produce of FloridaandCalifornia

(C) basingû  a systemof marketing and distribution on the import of produce from FloridaandCalifornia

(D) a marketing and distribution system based on importing produce from Florida and California

(E) a marketing and distribution system importing produce from Florida and、

GMAT的虚拟不是必须的考点 不懂也能做题

首先看结构写的 1重复主谓对不对 2重复修饰意思对不对

分析主谓和修饰对象

直译出声音

谓语动词前重复主语 把修饰对象（在修饰成分的前面或后面的词），重复一下。新的找主谓的方式：人工括号；

代词常见方式三重复 1主语呼应the early trading companies….. They。。。. They …句子之间主语呼应；逻辑课句子出现指代内容一定要往前读完整的；（写的好的文章全文代词指代很少的）2 同一个代词优先考虑同一个指代对象the early trading companies…..They。。。.their。。。. They …

10. The computer company reported strong second-quarter earnings that surpassed Wall Street's estimates and announced the first in a series of price cuts intended to increase sales further.

(A) The computercompany reported strong second-quarter earnings that surpassed Wall计算机公司去报道强烈的第二季度的收入，这个收入超过了华尔街的估算

Street's estimatesand announced the first in a series of price cuts intended to increase sales further.而且计算机公司会 去宣布说一系列的第一步措施在一系列的价格削减中 而这个价格削减是被设计去增加销售进一步的

(B) The report ofthe computer company showed strong second-quarter earnings,

surpassing WallStreet's estimates, and they announced the first in a series of price cuts that they intend to increase sales further. 这个报告，报告是属于计算机公司的，报告展示了第二季度强烈的收入，这个收入是超过了华尔街的估算的，and they？report不对 没指代了û

(C) Surpassing Wall Street's estimatesû, 报告超过华尔街预算不对排除the reportû of the computer company showed strongsecond-quarter earnings, and, forthe purpose of increasing sales further, they announced the first in a series ofprice cuts.

(D) The computer company reported strong second-quarter earnings,while announcing修饰了earings不对the first in a series of price cuts for the purpose of increasing sales further that surpass Wall Street's estimates. 计算机公司去报道强烈的第二季度的收入 与此同时还宣布了

(E) The computer company, surpassing Wall Street's estimates公司超过了预测不对, reported strongsecond-quarter earnings, whileannouncing that to increase sales further, there would bethe first in a seriesof price cuts.

要单独判断每个选项所表达的意思，不要受其他项干扰自认为

27. On Earth,among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are believed to be the ratethattrees grow, as seen in the rings visible in the cross sections of their trunks.

(A)[size=14.6667px]ûOn Earth后面没有名词即没有修饰对象, among介词 the surest indications of sunspot cycles are believed tobe the rate thattrees grow

(B)[size=14.6667px]û On Earth同上不要自己去跳跃到一个遥远的词，一个句子写的好结构要反馈出意思的among the surest indications of sunspot cycles are, it isbelieved, the rate oftree growth而SC是要去判断他写的好不好（根据他写作的结构来判断他的意思）

(C) On Earth修饰率,the rate at which trees grow is believed to be among the surest indications of sunspot cycles“在地球上的树生长的率”

(D) Among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles修饰

,（done的修饰）believed被动 to be the tree growth rate

没有主语没有谓语believe sth to be说明是被动

(E) Among the surest indications on Earth of sunspot cycles 修饰）is believed to be谓语 the rate主语 at which trees grow“在最确信的暗示线索当中在地球上属于太阳黑子周期的” 太阳黑子周期的最明显的线索在地球上 E更好和C比较，E有主语

That's because you've ignored the part after the underline (as seen in the rings..........). What is seen in the rings? The tree growth rate right. C makes it look as if the sunspot cycles are seen in the rings[size=14.6667px]û. E gets it right.

解题方式很多 倒过来，

三重复   SVO+

J在没有原则语法错误情况下选择结构清晰直接的，意思比较合理清楚的选项。

考点研究之前哪些做题的习惯：

直译（三重复）

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

第二章： 原则语法错误

J考点是怎么去把一句话说的清楚，好（5句话选一个）才能成为一个正确答案。（一句话说的好是没有上限的）

1. 主谓不可缺一 7.27

Among the surest indications on Earth ofsunspot cycles修饰

,（done的修饰）believed被动 to bethe tree growthrate

没有主语没有谓语

2. 主谓单复数一致

主谓离开很远，中间插有修饰

3. Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally under way,any economists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.

9. The quality of earlier pieces of blown glass excavated in Italy and Western Europe by farsurpass those of pieces from the eastern Mediterranean, when regarded not only interms of the variety of shapes represented, but also in terms of decorative techniquesand functionality. 通过重复来判断主谓

(A) by far surpassthose of pieces from the eastern Mediterranean, when regarded not onlyin terms of

(B) surpasses by farthose from the eastern Mediterranean, with regard not only to

(C) far surpass thatof pieces from the eastern Mediterranean, not only regarding

(D) far surpassesthat of the eastern Mediterranean, with regard to not only

(E) far surpassesthat of pieces from the eastern Mediterranean, not only with regard to

39. Not one of the potential investorsis expected to make an offer to buy First InterstateBankuntil a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties ifthe deal were not to be concluded

DE are错误

标志：主语出来后面插入修饰 一定是考主谓的哦（its 单数）

GMAT J线外比重↑越来越大 看线外哦

1. 错误的句型

SVO，SVO

ûSVO and SVO   √SVO, and SVO /SVO， but SVO/ SVO； SVO/  SVO；SVO；SVO；SVO

SVO, SVO, and SVO

对选项进行进一步（比如排除掉）

28. Joplin’s faith重复能正确get到句子意思 in his opera “Tremonisha” was unshakable; in 1911 hepublished thescore at his own expense and decided on staging it himself.

2. Manufacturersrate batteries in watt-hours生产商评定电池，评定是按照瓦特小时的方式来评定的; ifthey rate the watt-hour higher, the longer thebattery can be expected to last.\

只看： O,SV /andSV

4.  The airlinecompany, following through on recent warnings that it might start reducing service, announced that it was eliminating jet service to nine cities, closing someunneeded operations, and it groundedtwenty-two planes.

(A) closing someunneeded operations, and it grounded

(B) closing someunneeded operations, and grounding

(C) was closing someunneeded operations, while it grounded

(D) it closed someunneeded operations and grounded 逗号主谓 不对

(E) it was closingsome unneeded operations, and grounding

21. The federalrules aimed at protecting human subjects of medical experiments were established to ensure that patients must be warned of potential risks and an independent panel would evaluate the experiment before it was conducted.

(A) must be warnedof potential risks and an independent panel would 前面有两个完整的主谓了 没有逗号

(B) must be warnedof potential risks and that an independent panel

(C) are warned aboutpotential risks and that an independent panel

(D) will be warnedabout potential risks and an independent panel would 看句子看快点，get重点！判分中速度

(E) would be warnedof potential risks and that an independent panel would

4. adj修饰名词 adv修饰动词和形容词

修饰成分是紧贴着修饰对象的

52. The Quechuansbelieved that all things participated in both the material level andthemystical level of reality, and many individual Quechuans claimed to have contact with it directly with an ichana (dream) experience.

adv只能修饰形容词或动词修饰对象一定要放在前面或者后面去 不能远了（Ifinally get）adv不能修饰介词

A. contact with itûdirectly ûwith

B.adj direct 不对contactN∵have所以是名词（如果是Vto have contacted） with it一个写的好多句子代词是越少越好by way of代词少表达意思就清楚直接语感

C. contact with the last∵N directly (修饰错误了哈无修饰)through词性是出题人的结构说了算的

D. direct contact对的 with the latter by means of

E. contactN directlyadv with介词 the mysticallevel due to 不对

5.less little much 修饰不可数，即+单数

Few fewer many 修饰可数

9. In 1979 lack ofrain reduced India’s riceproduction to about 41 million tons, nearly 25percent less than those of the1978 harvest.

(A) less than thoseof the 1978 harvest those一看就复数排除

(B) less than the1978 harvest我答对了

(C) less than 1978 比年份？

(D) fewer than 1978

(E) fewer than thatof India’s 1978 harvest

83. A report by theAmerican Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded

that much of thecurrently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposedcomes fromthe incineration of wastes.

(A) much of thecurrently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes

(B) much of thecurrently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come

(C) much of thedioxins that are currently uncontrolled and that North Americans are exposedtocomes

(D) many of thedioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are主谓不对了哦exposedtocome 很多毒素，毒素是 重复。记住SVO 要执行到位贯彻到位

(E) many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed修饰come谓语   

很多未受控的毒素，对于这些毒素美国正在被暴露着 看到and就要警觉

6. which不可以指人，也不能指一个句子（可以,但是GMAT很少去考的哦  which suggests that she work hard）

Mr.Lee is my mathteacher which left for shanghai yesterday(which 不行，whothat)

7.意思重复

50. A decade（省略介词）（修饰：after（修饰10年不合适，ing可以修饰后面哦） initiatingthe nation's most comprehensive and aggressive antismokingprogram）,percapita ûconsumptionûof cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packsannually per person toabout 60, a drop more than twice as great as in the nation as a cwhole.

A. per capita consumption of cigarettes inCalifornia declined from over 125 packs annuallyper person to about 60, a dropmore than twice as great as

B. annual per capita consumption ofcigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs toabout 60, more thantwice as great as that

C. California'sannual per capita consumption of cigarettes declined from over 125 packsperperson to about 60, more than twice as great as the drop

D. California has seen percapita consumption of cigarettes decline from over 125 packsannually to about60, a drop more than twice as great as that

加州已经预见人均的消费属于香烟 香烟的消费是下降了 下降是从超过125包每一年 到差不多60包 超过2倍之多 和下降一样多 在全国作为一个整体

E. California has seen annual per capita consumption ofcigarettes decline from over 125packs per person意思重复了 to about 60, more than twice as great as that

比较难的意思重复：

6. Possiblelong-term consequences of the “greenhouse effect,” the gradual warming of the Earth’s climate, may include melting the polar ice caps and a risingsea level.

直译读出声：可能的长期的结果 属于温室效应 温室效应是指逐渐的变暖 变暖是属于地球气候 可能包括

A. may 每个不一样的地方都有考点include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level

B. may include themelting of polar ice caps and the rising sea level

C. may include polarice caps that are melting and sea levels that are rising

D. include meltingthe polar ice caps and sea levels that are rising

E. include meltingof the polar ice caps and a rise in sea level

Whether是否 or not 翻译出来是重复的

J 修饰 谓语动词 代词都高亮 然后再直译句子（高亮要重复）理解句子

8 句子头重脚轻

35. Five hundredmillion different species of living creatures have appeared on Earth, nearly

99 percent of themvanishing.

(A) Five hundredmillion different species of living creatures have appeared on Earth, nearly

99 percent of themvanishing.

(B) Nearly 99percent of five hundred million different species of living creatures that

appeared on Earthhave vanished.

(C) Vanished arenearly 99 percent of the five hundred million different species of living

creatures thatappeared on Earth.

(D) Of five hundredmillion different species of living creatures that have appeared on Earth,

nearly 99 percent ofthem have vanished.

(E) Of the fivehundred million different species of living creatures that have appeared on

Earth, nearly 99percent have vanished.