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Every school talks about leadersship. But what's it?
这想必是困扰很多申请人的问题。你可以搜索本版找到很多有用的参考。不妨也看看GMAC对leadership traits的分解和详述,对于找准亮点sell自己很有借鉴意义。这来自于GMAC去年推出的标准推荐信格式,今年这个格式已经被Stanford, Sloan, Kellogg, Ross, Johnson等大多数顶尖学校采用。
Achievement
1. Initiative: Acts ahead of need/anticipates problems- Willing to step in and take charge when required to do so
- Takes charge spontaneously when problem needs attention
- Volunteers for new work challenges; proactively puts in extra effort to accomplish critical or difficult tasks
- Proactively seeks high-impact projects; steps up to challenges even when things are not going well
2. Results Orientation: Focuses on and drives toward delivering on goals, objectives, and performance improvement- Takes actions to overcome obstacles to achieve goals
- Independently acts to exceed goals and plans for contingencies
- Documents activities and outcomes to learn from past; introduces incremental improvements to raise the effectiveness of team
- Invents new approaches with measurably better results; works to deliver best-in-class performance improvements
Influence
3. Communication, Professional Impression & Poise: Delivers messages and ideas in a way that engages an audience and achieves buy-in; uses listening and other attending behaviors to reach shared understanding; remains calm and measured even in time of crisis or conflict- Works to get point across; acknowledges feedback; reframes statements when necessary to make them clearer; speaks politely; remains composed in known circumstances
- Present views clearly and logically structured content for a broad audience; listens and responds to feedback; prepares in advance to appear confident; leaves a positive and professional impression; responds confidently in unfamiliar situations
- Uses tailored language that appeals to specific groups; restates what others have said to check for understanding; comes across as confident; responds rapidly and strongly to crisis; looked to for advice and guidance
- Structures content for senior-level meetings; maintains composure when challenged; solicits opinions and concerns, discusses them openly and adjusts communication; remains cool under pressure during conflict or crisis; channels emotion into positive action
4. Influence and Collaboration: Engages and works with people over whom one has no direct control- Accepts input from others and engages them in problem solving
- Seeks first to understand perspectives of others; takes actions to gain their support for ideas and initiatives
- Uses tailored approaches to connect with others, influence, and achieve results
- Uses tailored influence approaches to create and leverage a network of strategically chosen individuals to improve collective outcomes
People Skill
5. Respect for Others: Acknowledges the value of others’ views and actions- Open to considering others’ views when confronted or offered
- Invites input from others because of expressed respect for them and their views
- Praises people publicly for their good actions; ensures that others’ opinions are heard before their own
- Uses empathy and personal experience to resolve conflicts and foster mutual respect; reinforces respect with public praise when individuals solicit and use input from others
6. Team Leadership: Manages and empowers a team of formal or informal direct reports, including virtual teams- Assigns tasks and tells people what to do; checks when they are done
- Solicits ideas and perspectives from the team; structures activities; holds members accountable
- Actively engages the team to develop plans and resolve issues through collaboration; shows the impact of individual/team contributions
- Recruits others into duties or roles based on insight into individual abilities; rewards those who exceed expectations; provides strong organizational support
7. Developing Others: Helps people develop their performance and ability over time- Encourages people to develop; points out mistakes to help people develop and praises them for improvements
- Gives specific positive and negative behavioral feedback to support the development of others
- Provides overarching practical guiding principles and recommendations that are applicable in multiple situations to direct or focus efforts on specific areas of development
- Identifies potential in others; inspires others to develop by providing feedback, mentoring/coaching, and identifying new growth opportunities as well as supporting their effort to change
Personal Qualities
8. Trustworthiness/ Integrity: Acts consistently in line with or follows explicit values, beliefs or intentions- Acts consistently with stated intentions, values, or beliefs when it is easy to do so
- Acts spontaneously and consistently with stated intentions, values, or beliefs despite opposition
- Initiates actions based on values or beliefs even though the actions may come with reputational risk; demonstrates the values of the team or organization publicly
- Demonstrates high personal integrity even at personal cost; holds people accountable to the team or organizational values
9. Adaptability/ Resilience: Adapts to changing demands and circumstances without difficulty. Maintains calm optimism in the face of challenge, problems, or apparent failure- Adapts to new methods and procedures when required to do so; remains calm in unfamiliar situations until confronted with obstacle
- Champions adoption of new initiatives and processes; exhibits level-headedness in most environments including challenging ones; persists until obstacle is overcome
- Seeks out disruptions as an opportunity for improvement; remains optimistic and forward-looking in difficult situations that may result in failure
- Energized by projects with high uncertainty but potential for high reward; seeks to be the first into unknown or unfamiliar situations; welcomes learning opportunities created by failure; learns from mistakes and rebounds quickly from setbacks
10. Self Awareness: Aware of and seeks out additional input on own strengths and weaknesses- Acknowledges fault or performance problem when confronted with concrete example or data
- Describes own key strengths and weaknesses accurately; welcomes feedback from others and discusses opportunities to change with select individuals
- Actively seeks out feedback to explicitly address desired improvement areas or build on strengths; explores reasons for problems openly, including own faults
- Seeks out challenging and potentially risky experiences to improve; identifies and engages with resources—people, processes, or content—to maximize strengths or mitigate weaknesses
Cognitive Abilities
11. Problem Solving: Frames problems, analyzes situations, identifies key issues, conducts analysis on the issues, and produces acceptable solution- Offers solutions when the risk is low; focuses on immediate, short-term implications instead of the big picture
- Looks beyond the obvious; identifies and focuses on the critical information needed to understand a problem, identifies root cause(s), and comes up with reasonable solutions
- Gathers and analyzes key information using complex methods or several layers deep; integrates perspectives from a variety of sources to arrive at unexpected but practical and effective solutions
- Applies logic to break complex problems down into manageable parts or sub-problems; solves tough and interconnected problems and can explain how the pieces are connected
12. Strategic Orientation: Thinks beyond one’s span of control and into the future to reshape the approach or scope of work- Understands immediate issues or implications of work or analysis
- Develops insights or recommendations within area of responsibility that have improved near-term business performance
- Develops insights or recommendations within area of responsibility that have shaped team/organization strategy and will have impact on long-term business performance
- Develops insights or recommendations beyond area of responsibility with impact on long-term business strategy and performance
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