求教OG2017第803题。望请牛牛们解答！

laughingwind

In the major cities of industrialized countries at the end of the nineteenth century, important public places such as theatres, restaurants, shops, and banks had installed electric lighting, but electricity was in less than 1 percent of homes, where lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas.

A) electricity was in less than 1 percent of homes, where lighting was still

B) electricity was in less than 1 percent of homes and lighting still

C) there had been less than 1 percent of homes with electricity, where lighting was still being

D) there was less than 1 percent of homes that had electricity, having lighting that was still

E) less than 1 percent of homes had electricity where lighting had still been

OG的答案是A，但我有个疑问，electricity was in less than 1 percent of homes这句话是全文主干，其中of homes为介词短语，按道理，是可以删除的。但这样一来，就变成了electricity was in less than 1 percent了，这明显是有问题的，而且是有歧义的。

其次，OG的解释说E里面的had been用法不合适，但我想问，原文中banks had installed 就是过去完成时呀，怎么后面就不能用了呢。

emmahiggins09

没太明白楼主的第一个道理，什么叫介词短语of homes 按道理是可以删除的？ 楼主能赐教一二么？

这里electricity was in less than 1 percent of homes 意思是 electricity was in homes. But electricity in homes is less than 1 percent. 你这里of homes 的切割是不对的，homes 是和前面的 in 才是真爱啊！

再来，comma where 这里where 指代啥，在G里 where 只能指代physical location, 所以这里指代的是 in homes 第二个有力的证据 in homes 才是真爱

最后来说明had been 为啥不可以，首先楼主要理解过去完成时的概念: 意思是这个动作在过去的过去发生且在过去就已经完成了。 楼主这里如果用where lignthing had still been provided mainly by candles or gas 意思就是电灯在过去的过去提供，现在（其实这里应该是过去，我用现在这个词大家比较好理解，实在不能理解的话，楼主画个时间轴，过去的过去；过去；现在；将来）这个动作已经不存在完成了，这个明显和前面but 要表达的意思不对吧。

but 后面要表达的是电在家家户户的使用是less than 1 percent 的 然后补充说明，现在（其实这里应该是过去，只是为了好理解才写现在）还是主要使用蜡烛和气灯

emmahiggins09

幻北 发表于 2017-1-26 23:03
1.你说” electricity was in less than 1 percent of homes这句话是全文主干，“，原文是两个主句，一个bu ...

建议层主和楼主在论坛里互动哟，这样大家都能benefit

laughingwind

emmahiggins09 发表于 2017-1-27 01:17
建议层主和楼主在论坛里互动哟，这样大家都能benefit

关于had been的问题我理解了。of homes 我觉得可以去掉，是因为of是介词，介词后面跟的none，都是modifier，曼哈顿上说modifer都是可以去掉的，因此我认为of homes是可以去掉的。

不知道我的理解是不是有问题。

laughingwind

幻北 发表于 2017-1-26 23:03
1.你说” electricity was in less than 1 percent of homes这句话是全文主干，“，原文是两个主句，一个bu ...

我有你微信，谢谢兄台了！had been的问题我懂了。

关于of homes的话，我觉得可以去掉是因为of是介词，介词后面跟的none，都是modifier，曼哈顿上说modifer都是可以去掉的，因此我认为of homes是可以去掉的。

不知道我的理解是不是有问题。

laughingwind

幻北 发表于 2017-1-29 10:33
这个是关于核心词的讨论了。flag of school，核心词是flag，所以of school可以删掉；但是a number of stu ...

嗯！有道理！看来我得补一补啦。谢谢兄弟咯！祝你新年快乐！

laughingwind

In the major cities of industrialized countries at the end of the nineteenth century, important public places such as theatres, restaurants, shops, and banks had installed electric lighting, but electricity was in less than 1 percent of homes, where lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas.


A) electricity was in less than 1 percent of homes, where lighting was still
B) electricity was in less than 1 percent of homes and lighting still
C) there had been less than 1 percent of homes with electricity, where lighting was still being
D) there was less than 1 percent of homes that had electricity, having lighting that was still
E) less than 1 percent of homes had electricity where lighting had still been
A选项 无明显问题，保留
B选项 语义改变了，原意应该是这些homes里面的lighting，有限定性。排除。
C选项 where修饰前面的electricity了，此外后面的was being是现在进行时，没有必要用这个时态。排除。
D选项 语义扭曲了，成了homes that had electricity，这种家庭里面的1%，原文是说总共家庭里面只有1%是有电的。
E选项 where又修饰了electricity，后面的had been也没有意义，因为并没有第二个跟它之间存在时间先后顺序。

had done这种过去完成时，使用时就两种情形，要么有另一个一般过去时，发生在之后。比如，The washing machine had finihsed its work when I came home.
另一种是发生在一个时间节点之前，该时间多以by引导。比如，We had ate all the food by the noon of the yestearday.