求助：OG SC 137题

smile冰

137. By 1999,astronomers had discovered 17 nearby stars that are orbited by planets about the size of Jupiter.

A. had discovered 17 nearby stars that are orbited by planets

B. had discovered 17 nearby stars with planets orbiting them that were

C. had discovered that there were 17 nearby stars that were orbited by planets

D. have discovered 17 nearby stars with planets orbiting them that are

E. have discovered that 17 nearby stars are orbited by planets

OG解释B选项 that 指代不确定，有可能指代stars，有可能指代planets，但我在其他网站上看见有新东方老师说B选项不具有语法错误，考生们请千万不要认为(B)中的that were有修饰问题，这里的that were一定会跳跃修饰planets。with planets orbiting them是一个独立主格结构，同样不具有任何的语法问题。


这里的that指代到底有没有歧义啊，我记得之前看过说与that紧贴着的名词是指代对象啊，感觉规则越来越搞不清楚了，求赐教。

VincentFSJ

that当然有歧义，但是不是最大的问题，最关键的问题是那个were，曾经和Jupiter一样大，逻辑有问题。

Fiona09

with planets orbiting them确实是独立主格结构，没语法问题。按说限制性定语从句中的关系代词that应该是要就近修饰一个名词的，为啥一定会跳跃修饰planets？

这么一说，我也糊涂了，UP,UP 求解~

smile冰

VincentFSJ 发表于 2016-9-27 17:03
that当然有歧义，但是不是最大的问题，最关键的问题是那个were，曾经和Jupiter一样大，逻辑有问题。 ...

那that什么时候修饰没有歧义啊，照Og的意思，前面的两个名词都有可能修饰啊，that前面难道必须只要一个名词吗。因为此处表示客观事实，所以一定不能用过去式吗

VincentFSJ

OG忽悠你的，指代都是soft split，看似多重指代的情况多了去了，但是不加逗号的that/which是可以跳跃指代的，看到这种就move on就行了，找其他的错误，逗号，which单复数可以跳跃指代或者明显的跳跃指代，不然都假装没看见。你不管他指代谁，就是一眼看过去，这个句子够不够清晰

smile冰

VincentFSJ 发表于 2016-9-27 17:28
OG忽悠你的，指代都是soft split，看似多重指代的情况多了去了，但是不加逗号的that/which是可以跳跃指代的 ...

哦哦，就是说这道题目planets和stars因为都讲的通，都有可能were about the size of Jupiter,所以该题指代有歧义。但是如果句子能明显看出来that或which能指代的什么名词，可以跳跃指代且不认为有歧义。我说的对吗

VincentFSJ

噗，The use of a prepositional phrase with planets necessitates the
introduction of a relative clause that were . . ., in which the referent of the
relative pronoun that is somewhat uncertain (stars? or planets?). The past
tense verb were suggests, improbably, that the size of the planets may have
changed significantly since 1999.
指代呢是模糊的，但是还不是最关键导致错的问题，导致错的原因是The past
tense verb were suggests, improbably, that the size of the planets may have
changed significantly since 1999.
如果b的后面和a是一样的，那么才会导致相对比较好，但是这里的指代还不至于必死，你先记住这一个指代问题嘛（指代模糊不是错误的判断依据，如果有更清楚的表达，选择指代更清晰的），做prep的时候会出现指代模糊不导致错的例子，我一时半会儿想不起来哪道。

smile冰

VincentFSJ 发表于 2016-9-27 17:50
噗，The use of a prepositional phrase with planets necessitates the
introduction of a relative claus ...

哦哦，谢谢哈。感觉OG答案好讨厌，永远不把错误讲完，讲清楚，解释的原因经常把我搞乱了。