OG 16 86 求解！！

yi仪

86. To map Earth’s interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic waves that originate in the earth’s crust and ricochet around its interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower through hotter rocks.
(A) interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower
(B) interior, which travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions, and more slowly
(C) interior, traveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and more slowly
(D) interior and most rapidly travel through cold, dense regions, and slower
(E) interior and that travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions and slower


og的答案：


B which，不是可以跳跃指代么？？也没有越过谓语动词啊。按照这个帖子的说法，也不是不可以把？
http://www.chasedream.com/show.aspx?id=18551&cid=41
C 逗号+doing。不是只能表示伴随吗？

ai559031

B: which會指代interior
來解釋一下跳要修飾好了
結構是：「N1 + prep. + N2 +關代子句」
如果你要說which指代到waves，waves that....並不符合上面的結構

Ｃ選項，句尾ving除了表達伴隨，他的邏輯主語是指代主詞
很明顯waves可以做traveling的動作，所以Ｃ是答案

yi仪

ai559031 发表于 2016-7-3 12:06
B: which會指代interior
來解釋一下跳要修飾好了
結構是：「N1 + prep. + N2 +關代子句」

语法上来讲，do+ing不是只能：1，表示整个句子的伴随  2，表示主语同时进行的动作，这里的主语是geologists，理应产生歧义啊？

ai559031

waves {that originate in the earth’s crust and ricochet around its interior, traveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and more slowly}

主語是waves沒錯

表伴隨或抓主詞當然是看句意
這個句意當然是留到最後看
不過這題肯定不會選到Ｂ
跳要修飾的條件
N1 + prep. + N2 +關代子句
prep N2必須要被Ｎ1包覆

引用某位大神的例子（如果有侵權我再撤掉）
Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone.

此處a tool for private conversation在句意上可以被視做一個單一概念的名詞，
for private conversation被當做形容詞片語「作為私人溝通之用的」
因此，a tool for private conversation在句意上可以被視做是一個加上形容詞的名詞：
「作為私人溝通之用的」＋「工具」＝「作為私人溝通之用的工具」

that could substitute for the telephone.的關代子句
是把作為修飾語的介係詞片語跟名詞「包覆」在一起，視為一個單一概念的大名詞來修飾。

只是因為a tool for private conversation這個大名詞的核心成分始終是a tool
所以我們才誤以為關代跳過for private conversation不理，只去修飾a tool。

有沒有不能跳過的情況？

The machine wrote the letter with a pen, which....

這裡的which絕對不可能跳過with a pen這個介係詞短語，
因為句意上"the letter with a pen"是不可能被包覆成為單一概念的名詞的。

當然，更不能跳過動詞wrote，修飾主詞machine。



縱上而言，which是無法修飾到waves的

yi仪

elusive 发表于 2016-7-3 12:19
红色是致命错误
To map Earth’s interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic ...

也就是说“comma+traveling”一般还是不能指代前面的noun，只是这里which错的太明显是吗？

yi仪

ai559031 发表于 2016-7-3 12:28
waves {that originate in the earth’s crust and ricochet around its interior, traveling most rapidly ...

谢谢！我大概知道which的错误了，但是“comma+doing”到底能不能修饰comma前面的名词啊？

ai559031

你要看, ving前面的名詞是否為主詞
不是隨便看到名詞就要抓

舉例：
Among lower-paid workers, union members are less likely than nonunion members to be enrolled in lower-end insurance plans imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more patients, and spend less time with each.

(D) that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, spending （正確答案）
spending是副詞片語修飾動詞see，所以doctors做see這個動作，spending這個動作的邏
輯主語就會抓修飾動作see這個動詞的邏輯主語，也就是doctor


例外：, including....
句尾ving抓受詞
A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, including establishing
size limits for shark catches, closing....
這句, including抓受詞remedies


總結：除了including外，其他句尾ving都是抓主詞